B. Head and neck not black. 



1. Rump white. " 



2. Rump not white. 



.T. Color pattern giving a scaly appearance, 

 b. Color pattern prevailing rusty brown. 



959 

 332. American White=fronted Goose. 



B. C. & H. 25. Emperor Goose. 

 338. Fulvous Tree Duck. 



Siibfaiiiily 5. CvgxixaE. Swans. 



Everylxidy knows the swans, at least from park .specimens. 



I. Length about 55 inches. 339. Whistling Swan. 



II. Length about 65 inches. 340. Trumpeter Swan. 



Ordicr 13. STE(;AX0P0DES. Connorants. rdicans, etc. 



Family i. Pn.\r,ACROCQR.'\ciD.\]:. Cormorants. 



The Cormorants are popularly known as "Shags" from their habit of standing nearly erect along 

 the crest of a rock ridge, thus making it present a more roughened outline than normal. They are all 

 dark birds, with lengthened outlines. Most of them belong to the rocky outlying islets along the 

 coast, where they nest in rookeries. 



I. Back brownish or greenish-brown, the feathers with black 



margins. 



A. Prevailing color greenish-black. 34 1- 



B. Head and neck glossy blue-black. 342. 



II. Feathers of the back not margined. 



A. Bill stout, wing about 11 inches. 343. 



B. Bill slender, wing about 9.5 inches. 344- 



\Vhite«crested Cormorant. 

 Brandt's Cormorant. 



Violet»green Cormorant. 

 Baird's Cormorant. 



Family 2. PF.I,I•:c.^^•ID.■\I^. Pelicans. 



Members of this family have excessively lengthened bills to the underside of which a huge throat 

 pouch is attached. The birds assume grotesque attitudes. They could not be mistaken for any other 

 birds. 



I. Pure white, the primaries only black. 



II. Prevailing color brownish gray. 



345. American White Pelican. 



346. California Brown Pelican. 



Oriikr 14. TUBINARES. Albatros.ses, Shearwaters, Petrel.^. 



Family i. DiOMEDEiD.Ar:. Albatrosses. 



To this group belong the largest of the strictly sea birds. Their proper habitat is the open sea 

 far from land, except when breeding. They nest on out-of-the-way islands in such numbers as to 

 completely cover the ground. Their great powers of flight are well known. 



I. Prevailing color sooty brown. 347- BIack=footed Albatross. 



II. Prevailing color white. 



A. Length about 49 inches. Remiges blackish. H. 45. Wandering Albatross. 



B. Length about 36 inches. Head straw-color. 348. Short=tailed Albatross. 



Family 2. PROCELL.ARiin.M-:. Shearwaters, Petrels. 



Members of this family frequent the open sea, flying easily just above the wave crests, or resting 

 securely upon the ocean surface. They are more often seen near the coasts than the .\lbatrosses. 



I. Length less than 10 inches. 



A. LIpperparts bluish-gray. Length about 8 inches. 



B. Upperparts brownish-black. Length about 6. 



353. Fork-tailed Petrel. 



354. Kaeding's Petrel. 



II. Length more than 10 inches. 

 A. Entirely dark gray or blackish-gray. 



1. Length more than 15 inches. 



a. Nasal tubes light. 



b. Nasal tubes dark. 



2. Length less than 15 inches. 



349. Pacific Fulmar. 



351. Dark=bcdied Shearwater. 



352. Slender=billed Shearwater. 



