PART 5 A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CKINOIDS 399 



for the West Greenland seas on July 7 to bring back Lieut. Robert E. Peary and 

 his party. The naturahst of this expedition was Dr. A. Ohlin, a Swede. Doctor 

 Ohhn left the expedition on its return to Godhavn, Disco, proceeding thence to Copen- 

 hagen and taldng with him the reUcs of the ill-fated Bjorling expedition on the Ripple, 

 which had been found on the Gary Islands. 



The Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, outfitted and dispatched by Mr. Alfred 

 C. W. Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) and commanded by Mr. Frederick G. 

 Jackson, left England in 1894 on the Windtvard and explored Franz Josef Land and the 

 adjacent regions. On his retiu-n, Mr. Jackson brought back w"ith him Dr. Fridtjof 

 Nansen. The Windward was later given by Mr. Harmsworth to Commander Peary. 



For four months in 1895 and again for the same length of time in 1896 the Danish 

 cruiser Ingolf explored the arctic seas around Iceland, Jan Maj^en and Greenland, 

 the assembhng of zoological collections being the principal object of these expeditions. 

 The ship was commanded by Capt. (later Adm.) C. F. Wandel, and carried as zoolo- 

 gists Drs. H. J. Hansen, Hector F. C. Jungersen, and W. Lundbeck, Mr. Wesenberg- 

 Lund taking the place of Dr. Hansen in 1896. 



In 1897 the Norwegian fisheries steamer Michael Sars was built, and at once, 

 under the direction of Prof. Johan Hjort, commenced a series of most important and 

 unusually productive marine investigations. On her cruises of 1900, 1901, and 1902, 

 under the command of Professor Hjort, she added materially to the loiowledge of the 

 distribution of this species. 



In 1898 Dr. A. G. Nathorst carried out his first expedition in the ship Antarctic, 

 during wliich Bear Island, Bell Sound, and King Charles Land were explored and 

 mapped, Spitzbergen was circumnavigated, and Giles Land was visited. The scien- 

 tific members of the expedition were G. and J. G. Andersson, A. Hamberg, H. Hessel- 

 man, O. Kjellstrom, G. Kolthoff, E. Le-vin and A. Ohlin. 



The second Norwegian expedition in the Fram, under the leadership of Capt. 

 Otto Sv^erdrup, left Christiania (Oslo) on June 24, 1S9S, with the object of ascertaining 

 the extension of Greenland toward the north and determining the exact configuration 

 of the mainland. The zoologist was Mr. Bay, who had previously served on the 

 Hekla with Lieut. Ryder. They obtained Heliomctra in the area of Ellesmere Island. 



The German expedition in the Helgoland, Captain Riidiger, under the leadership 

 of Mr. Theodor Lerner, returned to Hammerfest in August 1898, mthout having 

 found a trace of Andree's expedition, one of the purposes for which it had been sent 

 out. But it brought back unusually extensive zoological collections from the east 

 Spitzbergen region together with a mass of accurate data on the occurrence of marine 

 life there which served as the basis for an elaborate series of monographs published 

 under the title of the "Fauna Arctica" by Romer and Schaudinn. 



Extending to the northward the scope of his oceanographic work, the Prince 

 of Monaco visited Spitzbergen in the Princesse Alice in 1898, and again in 1899, se- 

 curing this species in both years. 



The Princeton Expedition to North Greenland, or the Peary Auxiliary Expedition 

 of 1899, with Professor William Libbey and Dr. Arnold E. Ortmann, made important 

 collections in new territory. 



The Carlsborg Fund, or Amdrup Expedition to East Greenland was sent out 

 for the purpose of surveying the northeastern coast from lat. 66° N. to Scoresby Sound. 

 The ship employed was the Antarctic, with 1st. Lieut. G. Amdrup in command. The 



