REVISION OF THE FISH FAMILY LIPARIDAE 105 



nearest approach to this condition is that of 0. cypselurus, Bering Sea, 

 depth 510 to 887 fathoms, and C. furcellus, among the Aleutian 

 Islands, depth 480 fathoms. A splendid example of closely related 

 species inhabiting neighboring regions is that of C. phasma, Bering 

 Sea, depth 46 to 59 fathoms; C. spectrum, Gulf of Alaska, depth 92 to 

 110 fathoms; and C. melanurus, British Columbia to California, depth 

 284 to 876 fathoms. 



Bathymetrical distribution. — As has previously been said, species 

 of Careprodus have been taken at depths between 30 and 1,823 

 fathoms. The species are found nearer the surface in the northern 

 regions. Two-thirds of the species are found between 100 and 500 

 fathoms. Only four are found below 500 fathoms. The center of 

 population for the genus is at about 300 fathoms. The red light 

 rays fail to penetrate below this level. 



Some of the species are known to have considerable vertical dis- 

 tribution. C. cypselurus has a vertical distribution of 377 fathoms, 

 C. reinhdrdi 395 fathoms, C. ranula 354 fathoms, C. mollis 347 fathoms, 

 C. colletti 341 fathoms, and C. melanurus 592 fathoms. 



Center oj dispersal. — The genus Careprodus apparently has had 

 the same place of origin and dispersal as Liparis. The regions of 

 distribution of the two genera are quite similar except that Care- 

 produs typically inhabits a lower level than Liparis. The North 

 Pacific appears to be the region from which representatives of these 

 two genera migrated to the North Atlantic and southward in the 

 Pacific. The most primitive species, the greatest number of species, 

 the greatest amount of structural variation, and largest species are 

 found in this region. 



KEY TO SPEQES OF CAREPR0CTU3 •» 



A'. Dorsal with a shallow notch; teeth trilobed. 



B^. Body stout; pectoral notch shallow; dorsal 42; anal 37; pectoral 37, peri- 

 toneum pale pycnosoma. 



B^. Body slender; pectoral notch deep; dorsal 48; anal 40; pectoral 34; peri- 

 toneum black attenuatus. 



A'. Dorsal unnotched. 



CK Teeth short, stout, (cf. ectenes), strongly trilobed, (cf. mollis, simus, and 

 sinensis, melanurus, and opisthotremus) ; peritoneum, except in attenu- 

 atus, pale. 

 D'. Anterior dorsal rays with their tips projecting above the fin membrane. 

 E^ Depth less than 6; head less than 4; snout not projecting; gill slit 



above the pectoral; dorsal 42; anal 37 pycnosoma. 



E^. Depth more than 6; head more than 4; snout distinctly projecting; 

 dorsal 49; anal 43; 



F'. Disk less than 3 in head curilanus. 



F^. Disk more than 3 in head ectenes. 



" Species listed in the appendix not included. 



