REVISION OF THE FISH FAMILY LIPARIDAE 161 



Paraliparis, in distribution as well as in structure, is more typically 

 a deep-sea genus than Careprodus. 



The giant species of the genus are not confined to the North Pacific. 

 These species are: P grandiceps, 256 mm., Gulf of California, 1,588 

 fathoms; P. hathyhius, 208 mm., Arctic Ocean, 640-658 fathoms; 

 P copei, 178 mm., off New England, 300-594 fathoms; P latifrons, 

 147 mm., off Panama, 1,793 fathoms; P rosaceous, 135+ mm., off 

 California, 984 fathoms. 



The maximum temperature record for any of the species is that of 

 52.8° F. for P. ceplialus. The minimum temperature is that of 28° F. 

 for P. tathyhius. The majority of the species are taken in tempera- 

 tures ranging from 35° to 45° F. and live in an average temperature of 

 40° F. The greatest range of temperature recorded for any species is 

 15° F. for P. ceplialus. 



Regions. — We know so little about the species of Paraliparis that 

 we can only state the facts that we have without drawing any con- 

 clusions as to the regions or the center of dispersal. The majority of 

 the species are known from but a single dredge haul. None of the 

 species are common to both the Atlantic and Pacific or to the Japa- 

 nese and American coasts. The Aleutian Islands do not act as a 

 barrier to these fish. 



We have yet to discover the extent of the range of these deep-sea 

 fish. We have practically nothing to indicate whether or not they 

 are cosmopolitan in their distribution. P. ulocTiir is recorded from 

 the Gulf of California and Bering Sea. None of the other species are 

 recorded from such widely separated localities. 



Bathy metrical distribution. — Species of Paraliparis have been taken 

 in depths ranging from 30 fathoms off British Columbia to 1,793 

 fathoms off Panama. About half of the species have been taken 

 above and half below the 500-fathom level. The vertical distribution 

 of some of the species appears to be excessive though we should be 

 careful in accepting the records as accurate when the dredge is hauled 

 up open. P. holomelas appears to have a vertical range of 1,219 

 fathoms and P. ulocJiir of 599 fathoms. These may be extended or 

 restricted when the species beco*me better Icnown. While some of the 

 species have considerable vertical range none of them extend from 

 the well lighted regions down below the penetration of sunlight. 

 The species may extend from the well lighted to the dimly lighted 

 regions or from the dimly lighted regions to the dark regions. None 

 of the species of the family are known to exist on both sides of the 

 region between 250 and 500 fathoms which may be considered as the 

 dimly lighted regions of the oceanic depths. 



