FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 161 



with a tubular aperture and phialine lip will at once distinguish 

 Vvigerina from any other of the foraminifera. The ornamentation 

 usually consists either of longitudinal costae which may be more or 

 less interrupted or broken, or of spines. There is often a secondary 

 type of ornamentation developed, as in U. aculeata D'Orbigny where 

 the early condition of the test is longitudinally costate, but in the 

 adult a secondary wall is progressively laid down, finally covering 

 the entire test, the surface of which is ornamented by coarse spines. 

 Senescent characters appear most usually as a loss of ornamentation, 

 or in the placing of the chambers at a distance from one another, as 

 in JJ. interrupta H. B. Brady. 



Geologically the genus does not seem to occur farther back than 

 the beginning of the Tertiary. From a study of the western Atlantic 

 material and of the fossil collections from the Coastal Plain of the 

 United States, it seems that the number of species of Vvigerina is 

 much greater than has been recognized. In the western Atlantic 

 they certainly have a very definite distribution and the characters 

 are very constant. Likewise in the fossil series species seem to be 

 rather limited in their vertical range. 



UVIGERINA CANARIENSIS D'Orbigny. 



Plate 41, figs. 14-16. 



" Testae pineiformes minusculae " Soldani, Testaceographia, vol. 2, 1789, 

 p. 18, pi. 4, figs. E, F, G, H. 



Vvigerina nodosa, var. /3. D'Orbigny, Ann. S'ci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 269, 

 No. 3. 



Vvigerina canariensis D'Orbigny, Foram. Canaries, 1839, p. 138, pi. 1, figs. 

 25-27.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 

 573, pi. 74, figs. 1-3; Journ. Roy. Mlcr. Soc, 1887, p. 915.— Goes, Kongl. 

 Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25, No. 9, 1894, p. 52, pi. 9, figs. 489- 

 492.— Egger, Abh. kon. bay. Akad. WLss. Miincben, Cl. II, vol. 18. 1893, 

 p. 311, pi. 9, fig. 43. — Earland, Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, vol. 9, 

 1905, p. 218. — Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 

 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 103. 



Description. — Test elongate, made up of numerous chambers, 

 spirally arranged, three chambers making up each whorl; chambers 

 inflated, rotund, distinctly separated externally by rather deep 

 sutures ; w^all smooth, occasionally the early chambers showing traces 

 of costae or spines; aperture usually with a tubular neck and broad 

 phialine lip; color grayish- white. 



Length 1 mm. or somewhat more. 



Distnhution. — D'Orbigny originally described this species from 

 the Canaries (shore sand of Teneriffe), and referred to it certain 

 forms he had previously found in the Mediterranean. In the Chal- 

 lenger collections Brady records it off Bermuda, 435 fathoms (796 

 meters), from the South Atlantic, off Buenos Aires, 1,900 fathoms 



