OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 7 



written continuously on one strip of parchment. One end of the strap 

 is made into a small noose, with a knot resembling the Hebrew "* 

 yod (y or i). The three letters thus exhibited on the outside of the 

 tefillin constitute the Hebrew name of God ^T2? Shaddai, rendered by 

 the English versions, "Almighty. " The materials used in making the 

 tefillin must come from a clean animal, and the extracts from the Pen- 

 tateuch are written in the same manner as the Torah Scroll. 



In "laying the tefillin" (hanohath tefillin), that of the arm is put on 

 first. The box is fastened on the naked left arm above the elbow, and 

 the strap is wound seven times around below the elbow. Then that of 

 the head is put on so that the box comes to rest on the forehead below 

 the hair and between the eyes, the knot being at the nape of the neck, 

 while the ends of the strap pass over the shoulders and hang down on 

 either side. Next, the end of the strap of the tefilla of the arm is 

 wound thrice around the middle finger and around the hand. Each of 

 these performances is accompanied by appropriate benedictions and 

 the recitation of passages from the Scriptures. In taldng off the 

 tefillin that of the head is removed first, then that of the arm. The 

 traps are folded around the boxes, and the tefillin are reverently puts 

 into a bag, which is sometimes included in another, so that the sacred 

 objects may be more carefully protected. Philadelphia. (Plate 2, 

 (lower). Cat. No. 130276, U.S.N.M.) Gift of David Sulzberger. 



13. P^^acfems.— Palestine. (Cat. No. 216159, U.S.N.M.) Be- 

 quest of S. S. Howland. 



14. PJiyladeries.— Tunis, North Africa. (Cat. No. 216686, 

 U.S.N.M.) 



15. Phylacteries. — Zurich, Switzerland. (Cat. No. 329452, 

 U.S.N.M.) Gift of Rev. Paulus Dworkowicz. 



16. Prayers and henedictions recited in putting on the phylacteries. — 

 Stamped on yellow silk. Made in Jerusalem. Measurements, 9 by 

 13 inches. Baltimore, Md. (Cat. No. 154445, U.S.N.M.) Gift 

 of Dr. Aaron Friedenwald. 



17. Prayer shavd (tallith). — Made of white silk with blue stripes on 

 the borders. The tallith is a rectangular piece of cloth, made of wool 

 or silk, worn by male adults, (among the Sefardim, or the observers of 

 the Portuguese rite, also by small boys), at the morning services and 

 when perlormmg certain religious functions. To each of the four 

 corners of the tallith are attached the cicith or fringes, consisting of 

 four threads (usually woolen), run through an eyelet near the corner and 

 then doubled and knotted in a certain manner so that eight threads 

 are allowed to hang down as a fringe. It is, besides, usually bordered 

 with bluish-black stripes and adorned mth a silk ribbon or silver- 

 corded lace called "crown" ('atarah), on the top. The tallith is 

 loosely thrown over all the other garments, sometimes passing across 

 the top of the. head and flowing down over the upper part of each 



