8 BULLETIN 148, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



arm and over the back, sometimes wrapped around the neck. The 

 obhgation to wear a garment with fringes is derived from Numbers 

 XV, 38, as follows: "That they make them fringes in the borders of 

 their garments thoughout their generations, and that they put upon 

 the fringe of each border a cord of blue. And it shall be unto you 

 for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the command- 

 ments of the Lord, and do them; and that ye go not about after your 

 own heart and your own eyes"; and Deuteronomy xxii, 12: "Thou 

 shalt make thee fringes upon the four borders of thy vesture, where- 

 with thou covered thyself." Besides the taUitJi, which is worn at 

 stated seasons, the Jews wear at present under the upper garments 

 during the entire day a garment with fringes, called the "small 

 tallith" (tallith Jcatan), or the "four corners" {arha JcanfotJi). It 

 consists of a piece of rectangular cloth of any material, but usually of 

 wool, about 3 feet long and 1 foot wide, with fringes fastened to the 

 four corners in the same manner as to the tallith, with an aperture in 

 the center sufficient to let it pass over the head, so that part falls in 

 front and part behind. This small tallith is assumed to have originat- 

 ed in the times of persecution, when the Jews had to refrain from 

 exhibiting the garment with fringes and could only in this manner 

 comply with the commandment to wear fringes. Length, 6 feet, 6 

 inches; width, 2 feet. New York. (Cat. No. 30296, U.S.N.M.) 

 Gift of Hon. N. Taylor Phillips. 



18-19. Prayer shawl and 'phylactery. — This prayer shawl, which is 

 cut into two pieces, and the phylactery were secured by John Gold- 

 haar, field secretary of the Jewish Welfare Board, from the Synagogue 

 of Rheims, France, after the invasion of the German Army. Rheims, 

 France. (Cat. Nos. 310078-079, U.S.N.M.) Gift of the Jewish Wel- 

 fare Board, United States Army and Navy. 



20. Aria Kanfoth {four-cornered garment) .—Mside of wool. (See 

 under No. 16.) Measurements, 3 feet by 17 inches. (Cat. No. 

 154578, U.S.N.M .) Gift of Smion Dalsheimer. 



21. Fringes (cicith): — Made of woolen threads. (Seeunder No. 16.) 

 Tiberias, Palestine. (Cat. No. 154457, U.S.N.M.) Gift of Mrs. 

 B. F. Ulman. 



3. OBJECTS USED ON FESTIVALS 



The Jews, like other oriental peoples, compute the day from sunset 

 to sunset. The Sabbath, therefore, begins at sunset on Friday and 

 terminates at sunset on Saturday. 



It is inaugurated in the home by blessing and lighting of the candles 

 by the mistress of the house, and in the synagogue by a special service. 

 On returning from the service, and before the evening meal, the head 

 of the house fills a cup with wine, raises it in his right hand, and recites 



