OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 33 



a small bell is rung to attract the attention and excite the devotion 

 of those present. Height, dji inches; diameter, 2}^ inches. Spain. 

 (Cat. No. 178862, U.S.N.M.) 



77. Silver hell. — Adorned with three Greek crosses within ovals in 

 chased work. Height, 1% inches; diameter, 1}^ inches. Seville, 

 Spain. (Cat. No. 167045, U.S.N.M.) 



78. Wooden clapper. — During holy week, when music and joyous 

 sounds are excluded from the church, a wooden clapper or rattle is 

 used in place of a metal bell, to give the various signals to the con- 

 gregation. Measurements, 12 by 14 inches. (Cat. No. 179054, 

 U.S'.N.M.) 



79. Clapper. — Wood inlaid. Used during Holy Week in place of 

 bell. Height, 11}^ inches. Probably Spain. (Cat. No. 311830, 

 U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



80. Osculatory. — A bronze plaque made in form of a facade of the 

 Italian Renaissance style, with the representation of the Ecce Homo, 

 (Christ holding a scepter — compare Matthew xxvii, 29), and the 

 word lerosolyma (Jerusalem); in the gable, a cherub, and below, a 

 floral design ; with a handle on the back. The osculatory is an instru- 

 ment whereby the "kiss of peace" is given at a certain stage of the 

 celebration of the mass. Hence its name, from the Latin osculum, 

 kiss; it is also called pax, peace. In the primitive church the usage 

 was for the "holy kiss" to be given by the members of the congre- 

 gation promiscuously to one another. In the twelfth or thirteenth 

 century, for reasons of convenience, a substitute for the actual kiss 

 was introduced in the shape of a tablet, bearing the image of Christ, 

 or Mary, or of a saint, or of the crucifixion, and fitted with a handle, 

 which after being kissed by the celebrating priest, was passed to those 

 who were to receive the kiss of peace. It is rarely used at present. 

 Height, 5^2 inches; width, 3K inches. Italy. (Plate 12 (upper), fig. 

 a. Cat. No. 179045, U.S.N.M.) 



81. Osculatory. — Gilt bronze plaque in form of a fagade of the 

 Italian Renaissance style, flanked by caryatids with a handle behind. 

 In the gable, God the Father giving the blessing; in the center, the 

 descent from the cross, with the Mater Dolorosa above it; below, a 

 cherub. Height, Qji inches; width, 4% inches. Italy. (Plate 12, 

 (upper), fig. h, Cat. No. 179046, U.S.N.M.) 



82. Osculatory. — Ivory. Hemicircular. Carved in the shape of 

 the fagade of a church, with a female saint in the center. Height, 5^ 

 inches. Italy. (Cat. No. 311827, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss 

 Ehzabeth S. Stevens. 



83. Hourglass. — An hourglass was formerly kept on the pulpit to 

 regulate the duration of the sermon. Height, 6)2 inches; diameter, Sji 

 inches. Italy. (Cat. No. 152250, U.S.N.M.) 



