OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 43 



such wise that by the images which we kiss, and before which we un- 

 cover the head and kneel, we adore Christ and venerate the saints 

 whose hkenesses they bear. The cult paid to images is designated 

 with the Greek word dulia (secondary veneration), in contradistinction 

 from latria (supreme worship), which is allowed to be offered to God 

 only. 



143. Jesus in Gethsemane. — Representing Jesus kneeling with the 

 cup in front of him. (Matthew xxvi, 36.) Carved in relief upon a 

 piece of limestone from the river Jordan. Jerusalem, Palestine. 

 (Cat. No. 76975, U.S.N.M.) 



144. Wooden figure of Christ. — The long curled locks are held by 

 the crown of thorns of gilded brass ; behind the head rises a cruciform 

 halo of the same material; around the loins is a kind of apron, like- 

 wise of gilded brass, with birds and floral designs in respousse work, 

 while under it is a loin cloth of blue satin. In the hands and feet, 

 which latter are crossed over one another, are the holes of the nails, 

 and on the left side of the chest is the hole caused by the spear (John 

 xix, 34). The figure evidently was part of a crucifix. Height, 12 

 inches. Philippine Islands. (Plate 18, Cat. No. 213405, U.S.N.M.) 



145. Wooden figure of Christ. — Similar to the preceding one. The 

 loin cloth consists of a piece of brocade, with gold applique. Height, 

 28 inches. Philippine Islands. (Cat. No. 213405, U.S.N.M.) 



146. Cloak of figure. — Made of red satin, with the letters J H S 

 (Jesus hominum Salvator — Jesus Savior of Mankind) and fleurs-de-lis 

 in gold applique. Philippine Islands. (Cat. No. 213408, U.S.N.M.) 



147. Statuette of Christ. — Wood, painted and gilded. Height, 23 K 

 inches. Latin America. (Cat. No. 317693, U.S.N.M.) 



148. Statuette of Christ. — Wood, broken. Height, 6^ inches. Italy. 

 (Cat. No. 311826, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



149. The Lord's Supper. — Engraved on the shell of the pearl oyster. 

 Measyrements, 6 by 6 inches. Bethlehem, Palestine. (Plate 19 

 (upper), fig. 1, Cat. No. 74542, U.S.N.M.) 



150. The Ascension. — Engraved on the shell of the pearl oyster. 

 Around the center representing the Ascension are 12 medallions, 

 representing the apostles with their emblems, in the following order: 

 1, St. Peter with the keys; 2, St. Paul with the sword; 3, St. Matthew 

 with the pick; 4, St. James the Lesser with the club; 5, St. John 

 with the chalice; 6, St. James the Elder with the pilgrim's staff; 

 7, St. Philip with the small cross; 8, St. Bartholomew with the book 

 and knife; 9, St. Andrew with his cross (the crux decussata, see p. 37); 

 10, St. Thomas with the architect's square; 11, St. Matthias with the 

 ax ; 12, St. Simon with the saw. Measurements, 6 by 6 inches. Beth- 

 lehem, Palestine. (Plate 19 (upper), fig. 2, Cat. No. 74541, U.S.N.M.) 



151. Bust of Mary. — Made of terra cotta, painted and gilded. 

 Mary, the mother of Christ, is venerated in the Catholic Church as 



