OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 55 



223. Rosary. — Of wooden beads. Used in the devotion of the 

 crown of our Lord. Consists of 33 beads for the paters, to com- 

 memorate the years of Christ's life on earth, and five for the aves, 

 in honor of the five wounds. The crucifix is substituted by a brass 

 medal, Iji inches in diameter, engraved with the instruments of the 

 passion and the Latin words, "The passion of Christ save us, the pas- 

 sion of Christ comfort me." Between the ave beads is inserted a 

 piece of bone, 1}^ inches high, carved with the faces of Christ and 

 Mary, and a skull. Length, 47 inches. Italy. (Plate 22 (upper), 

 fig. 3, Cat. No. 179075, U.S.N.M.) 



224. Rosary. — Made of composition beads. Consisting of three 

 sets of nine beads each, separated by an oval brass plaque, which 

 has on one side a representation of the Trinity, on the other, the 

 Gloria in Latin. Length, 21 inches. Italy. (Plate 22 (upper), fig. 

 4, Cat. No. 179075, U.S.N.M.) 



225. Rosary. — Made of carved wooden beads. Consists of five sets 

 of decades and one of nine beads. The ends are attached to a brass 

 heart which is engraved on one side in French with the words, "St. 

 Michael pray for us"; on the other, "Who resembles God." On the 

 back of the crucifix are the words: "Souvenir of our Lord of Leghet." 

 France (?). (Cat. No. 311843, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss Eliza- 

 beth S. Stevens. 



226. Rosary of Jifteen decades. — The beads are of wood carved in 

 shape of open flowers; the crucifix is of mother-of-pearl framed in 

 brass. Italy. (Cat. No. 329512, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss Cath- 

 erine Walden Myer. 



227. Rosary hox.- — Made in form of an egg of ivory. Carved on the 

 surface with the paraphernalia used in the Catholic service. Mexico. 

 (Cat. No. 316586, U.S.N.M.) Gift of Mrs. F. F. Hilder. 



RELIGIOUS ORDERS 



228. Eahit of a Benedictine monJc. — Consisting of a cassock, a 

 scapvdar (that is, a piece of cloth passing over the head and hanging 

 dow^n over the shoulders) and a cowl. The order of Benedictine 

 monks was founded by St. Benedict of Nursia, Italy, in 529. It was 

 the first monastic order established in the Occident, and its organiza- 

 tion became the model upon which all the monasteries of the western 

 church were formed. Common to all monastic orders are the three 

 vows of obedience, chastity, and poverty. The Benedictine monks 

 were bound by their rule to cultivate the land and to read and copy 

 manuscripts. Italy. (Cat. No. 154312, U.S.N.M.) 



229. Hahit of Dominican monJc.- — Consisting of a cassock, scapular, 

 and cowl of white wool. The Dominican order was founded by St. 

 Dominic, called de Guzman, in 1204. Its chief original purpose 

 was to preach especiallj'' to infidels and heretics. It is, therefore. 



