OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 57 



SCAPULARS 



Scapular (from middle Latin scapvlaris, pertaining to the shoulders, 

 Latin scapulae, shoulder blades, shoulders) is primarily the name 

 given to a portion of the monastic habit in certain religious orders, 

 consisting of a long narrow strip of cloth which passes over the head, 

 covering the shoulders and hanging down in front and behind. With 

 the growth of fraternities of lay people affiliated with the religious 

 orders the practice grew up among devout persons of wearing under 

 the ordinary dress a small scapular consisting of two little pieces of 

 cloth adorned with a picture of the Virgin, a cross or some other 

 religious symbol and joined by strings, in honor of Mary. Certain 

 religious obligations and exercises and sundry spiritual privileges, 

 such as indulgences, are attached to the wearing of it. The scapular 

 was brought into use in the thirteenth century by St. Simon Stock, 

 an Englishman, general of the Carmelite Order. 



235. Scapular. — Green velvet ground. On one part is represented 

 the Agnus Dei, worked in silver, gold, and silk; on the other, the 

 Infant Jesus painted in silk. With borders of flowers in gold applique. 

 9 inches by 6% inches. Washington, D. C. (Cat. No. 311433, 

 U.S.N.M.) Presented by the executors from the estate of Mrs. 

 Mary E. Pinchot. 



236. Scapular. — Black cloth ground. On one part is represented 

 the Sacred Heart, surmounted by the dove (the symbol of the Holy 

 Spirit) in gold and silver; on the other, a cross resting on a star or 

 open flower. With border of a floral design in appliqu6 work. 

 6% inches by 4}^ inches. Washington, D. C. (Cat. No. 311434, 

 U.S.N.M.) Presented by the executors from the estate of Mrs. 

 Mary E. Pinchot. 



237. Scapular. — Brown cloth ground. On one part is a cross 

 surmounted by a crown; on the other, a floral design in gold apphqu6. 

 4 inches by 3% inches. Washington, D. C. (Cat. No. 311435, 

 U.S.N.M.) Presented by the executors from the estate of Mrs. 

 Mary E. Pinchot. 



238. Scapular. — Consisting of two pieces of brown cloth, measuring 

 5}8 by 3% inches, one of which is embroidered with a shield, crown, 

 and crosses; the other with a pelican, the symbol of Christ (see 

 above, p. 38), and connected by strings. Italy. (Cat. No. 179072, 

 U.S.N.M.) 



239. Scapular. — Consisting of two pieces of cloth, stamped with 

 the figures of Mary and other saints, and connected by strings. 

 Measurements, 2 by 1 % inches. Italy. (Cat. No. 1 79073, U.S.N.M.) 



240. Scapular. — Consisting of two pieces of brown cloth, measuring 

 2% by 1 % inches, stamped with the figure of Mary crowned, with the 

 Infant Jesus, both holding scapulars, with cherubs above and below 



615.51—29 5 



