OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 149 



system as protectors of the true faith against the demons of their 

 several spheres. They are represented as beings of ferocious aspect, 

 with broad and hideous heads, protruding tongues, and huge teeth. 

 Their Hmbs are enormously strong, but short, and their bodies are 

 misproportioned ; they are surrounded with flames or smoke, and 

 on their forehead they bear a third eye (the "eye of wisdom"). In 

 the present figure Hayagriva-Tamdrin is represented kneeling on 

 his left knee, with three faces of hideous expression, and on his head 

 a crown of flames (painted red). Around his waist is a girdle of 

 leaves, and a large rosary hangs around his neck. He has six arms. 

 In his upper right hand he holds a snare to catch the demons, and in 

 the lower an arrow; in his upper left hand is a three-leaved flower 

 (?) and in his lower left a bow. The middle right hand which he 

 holds before him has in it the vajra (Tibetan dorje), the thunderbolt of 

 Indra, the Hindu god of the atmosphere; the middle left hand is 

 empty, the thumb touching the second and third fingers, the index 

 and little finger held extending. He is horse-necked and frightens 

 the demons by his neighing. For this reason the Mongolians con- 

 sider him protector of horses. Height, 8 inches. Lhasa, Tibet. 

 (Cat. No. 130398, U.S.N.M.) 



194. God oj riches {Jamhala or Euhera, Tibetan, Gurikar Yizin 

 Norhu). — Bronze, gilt and polished. The god of riches is one of the 

 Dragsheds (for which see No. 193). He also appears as one of the 

 four world guardians (LolcajJalas) , who dwell around Mount Meru, 

 the reputed center of the Buddhist world. He is 3-faced, with a 

 crown of flames (painted red), standing on two elephants. He has six 

 legs and arms adorned with anklets and bracelets. The middle hands 

 are held before him with offerings in them. The upper right hand 

 holds a vajra {dorje, the thunderbolt of Indra), the upper left a three- 

 forked club, perhaps intended to represent the trisula, or trident, 

 the scepter of the Hindu god Siva. The lower right a small hand 

 drum (damaru), and the lower left a snare. Height, 4K inches. 

 Lhasa, Tibet. (Cat. No. 130399, U.S.N.M.) 



195. Kubera. — Wood, painted, in lacquered shrine. Represented 

 with six arms holding various objects, as a club, snare, the dorje, 

 drum. Height of shrine, 8 inches. China or Tibet. (Cat. No. 

 316343, U.S.N.M.) Collected by Maj. Murray Warner and presented 

 through his widow, Mrs. Gertrude Bass Warner. 



196. GandJiarva.— Wood, red lacquered and gilt. Human kneeling 

 figure in the attitude of adoration, set on wings. The Gandharvas 

 belong to the Devas, secondary deities or attendants. In the Hindu 

 system, whence they were introduced into Buddhism, they are the 

 musicians of Indra, who with their master serve and worship Buddha. 

 They are sometimes represented with a human bust on the body of a 

 bird, playing a musical instrument. Height, 6 inches. Laos, 

 Further India. (Cat. No. 217607, U.S.N.M.) 



