OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 151 



cock as her vehicle (vahan). In Japan she is often represented as 

 standmg or sitting on a dragon and holding a musical instrument. 



4. Bishamonten {Bishamon) is the Hindu Kubera or Vaisravana, 

 the god of riches and the Buddhist Maharaja of the northern quarter 

 of Mount Meru (see above under No. 194). In Japan he is the god 

 of strength and wealth, but also the patron of knowledge. He is 

 usually represented as a stately knight, holding a model of a castle 

 or tower and a spear and standing on a conquered foe, which sj^m- 

 bolize his function as guardian warrior god. 



5. Hotel ("linen bag") is believed to have been a Chinese priest 

 who lived in the tenth century A. D., celebrated for his fatness, his 

 love of children, and especially for always carrying a large linen bag, 

 from which his name is derived. In China he is worshiped under 

 the name of Pu-tai as an incarnation of Maitreya, the Buddha of the 

 future. He is a sort of a Japanese Santa Claus, the god of mirth and 

 laughter. 



6. Jurojin (''old venerable man") is of Chinese origin. He 

 symbohzes longevity. His attributes are a stag or crane, both 

 (together with the peach and tortoise) being emblems of longevity. 



7. Fukurokuju ("bliss, wealth, longevity"). His most prominent 

 physical mark is his tall head, being at least twdce as long as his face, 

 as if an ordinary-sized cranium was not large enough to hold all his 

 virtues, knowledge, and happiness. He is the companion of Jurojin, 

 and their names and attributes are often interchanged. 



Height of the Daikoku figure, 13 inches. Japan. (Plate 50 (right), 

 Cat. No. 130458, U.S.N.M.) 



205. Daikoku. — Lead, silvered. Height, 3 inches. Kobe, Japan. 

 (Cat. No. 154827, U.S.N.M.) 



206. Ehisu. — Lead, silvered. Height, 3 inches. Kobe, Japan. 

 (Cat. No. 154826, U.S.N.M.) 



207. Jurojin. — Sitting beside a stag. Bronze, black lacquered. 

 Height, 2 K inches. Japan. (Cat. No. 311809, U.S.N.M.) Bequest 

 of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



208. Fukurokuju. — Bronze. Height, 6% inches. China or Japan. 

 (Plate 50 (left). Cat. No. 311811, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss 

 Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



209. Fukurokuju. — Miniature mask, brass, gold plated. Height, 

 IK inches. China or Japan. (Cat. No. 311863, U.S.N.M.) Bequest 

 of Miss EHzabeth S. Stevens. 



210. Hotel. — Bronze. Kepresented squatting, the right knee drawn 

 up, holding in the right hand a chaplet. Height, 9% inches. China 

 or Japan. (Cat. No. 316344, U.S.N.M.) Collected by Maj. Murray 

 Warner and presented through his widow, Mrs. Gertrude Bass 

 Warner. 



