OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL 163 



this will insure a right signification to each bead during prayer. The 

 collective name of these pendant beads is Tcami-deshi, superior disciples. 

 Extending from the lower parent bead are 3 strings, on 2 of which are 

 5 small beads, called sTiima-desTii, or inferior disciples, each terminating 

 in a dewdrop bead, while the third has 10 small beads without a dew- 

 drop. They are used as counters and are called Tcadzu-tori. The 4 

 dewdrop beads are also termed shi-ten-no, the four regents who are sup- 

 posed to preside over the four quarters of the universe. The rosary 

 thus represents symbolically the Buddhist pantheon. On the main 

 string, at an interval of 7 beads on either side from the upper parent 

 bead, are 2 beads, smaller than the others, and again, at an interval of 

 14 beads from these, on either side, are other 2 of the same kind. They 

 indicate where a special invocation is to be uttered while the rosary is 

 lifted to the forehead with a reverence. 



A smaller rosary of 16 beads, corresponding to the Japanese roJians, 

 or chief disciples of Buddha (analogous to the 18 lohans of the Chinese), 

 is chiefly used by lay peoples on ceremonial and social occasions. 

 Japan. (Plate 55, Cat. No. 130683, U.S.N.M.) 



281-282. Two Japanese rosaries. — Consisting each of 112 globular 

 beads made of plum-tree wood. The same as the preceding No. 280. 

 Japan. (Cat. No. 130683, U.S.N.M.) 



283. Prayer heads, (male-nap). — Made of small black seeds, strung 

 on a cord. The invocations repeated by the Laos by means of the 

 beads are: Sabbe sangkara anicca, three hundred times; sabbe sang- 

 kara dukkha, repeated four hundred times; sabbe sangkara anatta, 

 repeated five hundred times. Laos, Further India. (Cat. No, 

 217666, U.S.N.M.) 



284. Buddhist monlc's legging howl. — Spherical, of thin iron, with 

 wooden base. Inclosed in an open work bag formed of bands of cot- 

 ton, the ends of which serve as handles. To this cloth is secured a lac- 

 quered base. From the bottom hang models of the perquisites of a 

 monk, namely, (1), the water strainer, used to exclude the small ani- 

 mals which might be found in the water from being killed ; (2), a drum ; 

 (3), sandals; (4), steel and flint for striking fij-e; (5), vessel for pouring 

 out water when performing acts of merit; (6), a shaving knife. 

 Height, 10% inches; diameter, 9K inches. Laos, Further India. 

 (Cat. No. 217664, U.S.N.M.) 



285. Buddhist monk's legging howl. — Old bronze, decorated with 

 groups of rosette-shaped dots. Height, 4 inches; diameter, 8 inches. 

 Japan. (Plate 56a, Cat. No. 158321, U.S.N.M.) 



286. Buddhist monk's legging lowl. — Earthenware, black lacquered. 

 Height, 7 inches; diameter, 9 inches. Burma. (Cat. No. 129555, 

 U.S.N.M.) 



287. Buddhist monk's rice spoon. — Made of shell. Rice and fruit 

 constitute the diet of Buddhist priests. They obtain these viands by 



