GAMMARIDEAN AMPHIPODA 3 



lacertosa thrice is evidence of the concern with primarily large bodied 

 amphipods in early explorations. 



In 1898 both Caiman and Walker published papers on some Am- 

 phipoda of Puget Sound. Caiman described Polycheria osborni, 

 Maera dubia (later found to be a synonym of M. danae) and Am- 

 pithoe humeralis Stimpson, while Walker erected Maeroides thompsoni 

 (later transferred to Eurystheus) and Aoroides columbiae. These were 

 the last important amphipodan papers written by members of the old 

 school of carcinologists treating several groups of Crustacea simul- 

 taneously. In 1908, Holmes' treatment of subintertidalAmphipoda 

 collected by the "Albatross," principally from Monterey Bay and the 

 Californian Channel Islands, marked the beginning of the modern 

 period of study in the eastern Pacific region. His work reflected the 

 high standards reached by Stebbing's (1906) world monograph of the 

 Gammaridea. Only two of his species have been found subsequently 

 to occur frequently in intertidal zones: Ampelisca lobata and Ceradocus 

 spinicauda. 



Stout (1912, 1913) described 18 new species from Laguna Beach, 

 California, fortunately in detail sufficient that Shoemaker (1941) 

 could rectify the nomenclatural assignments after patient examination 

 of collections accumulated in the U.S. National Museum. Apparently, 

 Stout's types, in the defunct Laguna Marine Laboratory of Pomona 

 College, have been lost. The one unrecognized species, Ampithoe 

 corallina, is presumed by the writer to be a senior synonym of A. 

 simulaiis Alderman, but the solution to the problem must await life 

 history studies of ampithoids in the region. The 17 other aquatic 

 species, after recognition of synonyms, have been reduced to the 

 following entities bearing Stout's authorship: Amphilochus litoralis, 

 Cymadusa uncinata, Lysianassa dissimilis, Melita sulca, Maera 

 simile, Elasmopus antennatus, Hyale rubra frequens , Lembos concavus, 

 Photis calif ornica, and Ischyrocerus yarvus{l). 



Commencing in 1916, Shoemaker at the U.S. National Museum, 

 published at least 17 papers concerning Californian or eastern Pacific 

 Amphipoda. Although he died in 1958, his works were still being 

 published as late as 1964. Some of these papers give Californian 

 records without attention so being noted in the titles of the works. 

 At least 20 Californian species bear Shoemaker's authorship and others 

 from Baja California are expected to be found occurring in the islands 

 off southern California. Shoemaker, besides contributing new stand- 

 ards of description and illustration, untangled old problems such as 

 those involving the synonyms of Eurystheus tenuicornis (Walker), 

 the Stout nomenclature, and the Parhyale question. His work is 

 embodied in the faunal compilation of Santa Cruz Island (Hewatt, 

 1946) and that of Elkhorn Slough (MacGinitie, 1935). 



