160 BULLETIN 76, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



A small Pycnopodia manoeuvred for hours to swallow a Stichopus californicus 

 heavier than itself but was unsuccessful owing to the inability of the tube-feet to 

 secure a firm hold on the slippery skin of the holothurian. 



Pycnopodia is sometimes caught on fishing lines baited with fish or mollusk 

 meat. One specimen examined contained hunks of beef or similar meat! 



Pycnopodia when fully grown is probably the heaviest known sea star. It 

 reaches its best development in the region of Puget Sound, the Admiralty Inlet, and 

 in the fjords and bays of Alaska. In the Monterey region specimens seldom exceed 

 a diameter of 18 inches or 450 mm., but in the region of Puget Sound they grow 

 much larger. Dr. C. McLean Fraser has reported measuring a specimen 800 mm. in 

 diameter (32 inches). 63 Dr. John C. Brown, who made color notes at Port Renfrew, 

 Vancouver Island, reported several as weighing 10 pounds when taken from the 

 water. Here they frequently live in the crevices of the slate ledges which tilt at an 

 angle of about 45°. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The following list includes only the more frequently cited works. In most cases essential 

 references have been given in footnotes and in the synonymy. 

 Agassiz, A. 



1877. North American Starfishes. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, no. 1, 136 pp., 20 pis. 

 Brandt, J. F. 



1835. Prodromus descriptionis Animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis Terrarum circumnaviga- 

 tinoe observatorum. Fasc. 1, Petropoli, pp. 68-72. 

 Clark, Hubert Lyman. 



1913. Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. Bull. Amer. 



Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, July 9, pp. 187-205. 

 1920. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 



etc., 32, Asteroidea. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 74-113; 6 pis. 

 1923. Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species: Supplementary 



Report. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, art. 6, Oct. 5, pp. 149-153. 

 1925. Some sea stars from the Riksmuseum, Stockholm. Archiv. for Zoologi., vol. 18a, no. 8, 

 8 pp., 2 text figs. 

 Danielssen, D. C, and Koren, J. 



1884. Asteroidea (Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-1878), 118 pp., 15 plates, map. 

 DrjNCAn, P. M., and Sladen, W. P. 



A memoir on the Echinodermata of the Arctic Sea to the west of Greenland, 1881, 82 pp., 6 

 plates. 

 Fisher, Walter K. 



1905. New Starfishes from Deep Water off California and Alaska. Bull. Bur. Fisheries, 



vol. 4, June 10, pp. 291-320. 



1906. New Starfishes from the Pacific Coast of North America. Proc. Washington Acad. 



Sci., vol. 8, Aug. 14, pp. 111-139. 

 1906. Starfishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. U. S. Fish Comni. for 1903, pt. 3, pp. 987-1130, 

 49 pis. 



1917. New Genera and Species of Brisingidae. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 20, 



pp. 418-431. 



1918. Notes on Asteroidea. — II. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, pp. 103-111. 



1919. North Pacific Zoroasteridae. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 3, pp. 387-393. 

 1919. Starfishes of the Philippine Seas and Adjacent Waters. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 100, 



vol. 3, 712 pp., 156 pis. 



1922. Notes on Asteroidea.— III. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 10, pp. 590-598. 



1923. A Preliminary Synopsis of the Asteriidae, a Family of Sea Stars. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



Hist., ser. 9, vol. 12, pp. 247-258, 596-607. 



« Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd measured a number of large examples for me at the San Juan Islands, Wash., and found 32 inches 

 to bo the maximum diameter. 



