82 BULLETIN 127, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



The Crusader engaged in the general ocean-carrying trade for sev- 

 eral years, but finally was burned at sea between Rio de Janeiro 

 and London. She cost $85,000. 

 Gift of Capt. Austin Dyer. Cat. No. 76,114 U.S.N.M. 



Block model of merchant bark. 



The bark Julia^ of Ellsworth, Me., was built from this model at 

 that port in 1877. She was designed for the general ocean-carrying 

 trade, chiefly between ports of the United States and foreign 

 countries. 



A wooden, carvel-built, keel vessel ; moderately sharp convex bow ; 

 "flaring strongly at top ; long head ; raking stem ; long flat floor ; w^all 

 side; fine run; elliptical stern; strong sheer. 



Dimensions of vessel. — ^Length over all, 164 feet; between per- 

 pendiculars, 155 feet 1 inch; beam, 34 feet; depth, 20 feet 1 inch; 

 net tonnage, 758.18. Scale of model, one-sixteenth inch equals 1 foot. 



This bark is a good example of the half-clipper type of wooden 

 merchant ships built in Xew England for the foreign ocean-carrying 

 trade, and which succeeded the clipper packets of an earlier date. 

 The extreme clippers, like the Young America and Comet, found 

 profitable emjDloyment in the trans- Atlantic passenger traffic until 

 driven out by steam. Subsequently the California and Australia 

 trades and the tea trade of China furnished employment for clipper 

 ships, but these fields of enterprise were soon occupied to a greater 

 or less extent by steamers, with the result that the modern sailing 

 ship had to be built to carry a large cargo. Designers had, however, 

 succeeded in combining considerable speed with large capacitj^, as 

 in this vessel. 

 Gift of Isaac M. Grant. Cat. Xo. 76,134 U.S.N.M. 



Block model of merchant bark. 



The clipper wooden sailing bark Albemarle, of Baltimore, was 

 built from this model by Messrs. William Skinner & Sons for Messrs. 

 Wedber & Dickenson. She was launched on June 19, 1878, and was 

 emploj^ed in the coffee trade, for which she was designed, running 

 between Rio de Janeiro and American ports. She was much cele- 

 brated for her speed and was one of the swiftest of the sailing 

 clippers in the Rio coffee trade. 



This model has a sharp, strongly flaring bow; rather short and 

 flat amidships ; rounding bilge ; wall side ; long, lean run ; broad and 

 rather light elliptical stern; nearly vertical sternpost; stem has a 

 strong reflex curve projecting at top. 



