116 BULLETIX 127, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Arctic Ocean north of Bering Straight. In Later years some of 

 these vessels wintered off the mouth of the Mackenzie River and 

 made enormous catches in the following summer. Among them the 

 Orca was one of the most successful. 



The Orca was one of the fleet of whaling ships ripped in the ice 

 off' Point Barrow in the fall of 1897. The crews of these vessels 

 were exposed to such extreme peril from starvation that a Govern- 

 ment expedition was sent to their relief in the winter of 1897-1898. 

 Deposited by United States Fish Commission. 



Cat. No. 76,237 U.S.N.M. 



-WHALING STEAMER 



Model of fishing- steamer. 



The screw steamer. Golden Gate, of which this model is a minia- 

 ture, was built in 1891 for employment in the market fisher}' from 

 San Francisco, Calif. It represents a type of small sloop-rigged 

 steamers of which several have been built since 1889 to fish from 

 San Francisco with the parenzella — a large net which is towed over 

 the bottom for the capture of ground fish. The building of such 

 vessels for the mailvet fisheries of the Pacific coast was suggested 

 by Capt. J. W. Collins, in a paper published in 1888, entitled 

 Suggestions for the Employment of Improved Types of Vessels 

 in the Market Fisheries, etc. 



A wooden, carvel-built, keel vessel, with sharp bow ; straight stem 

 above water line; curved below; moderate rise to floor; long, lean 

 run; round stern: strong sheer; engine and pilot houses on deck; 



