170 BULLETIX 127, UXITED STATES jSTATIONAL MUSEUM. 



After being employed from Key West for a few years the City 

 of Havana was sold to Cuba, where she engaged in fishing for the 

 Havana market. 

 Gift of William J. Albany. Cat. No. 76,084 U.S.N.M. 



Block model of schooner. 



The schooner Ivanhoe^ of Gloucester, Mass., was built from this 

 model at that port in 1879. She represents the extreme clipper type 

 of fishing schooner of that period, which was built for the deep-sea 

 food fish fisheries, including those for mackerel, haddock, and fresh 

 halibut. 



She was a wooden, carvel-built, keel schooner, with long, sharp 

 bow; moderately concave water lines; raking stem; long head; 

 slightly hollow rising floor; long, very hollow run, with broad, flat, 

 and heavy counters; wide elliptical overhanging stern; fine sheer. 



Dimensions of vessel. — ^Length over all, 87 feet; beam, 22 feet; 

 depth of hold, 8 feet. Scale of model, one-half inch equals 1 foot. 



The Ivanhoe illustrates the extreme to which designers of clipper 

 fishing vessels went in producing wide, shallow, sharp schooners, 

 with- excessively heavy quarters and sterns, and very little displace- 

 ment — " all cut away underneath." Depending largely on initial 

 stability, and having only inside ballast, commonly stone or gravel, 

 the center of gravity of such vessels was so high that they had no 

 righting power when capsized in a gale by a heavy sea or suddenly 

 knocked down by a squall. Consequently they were exceedingly 

 dangerous, and many foundered in the heavy gales to which they 

 were exposed, going down with all their crews, while others cap- 

 sized with greater or less fatality. But the form was erroneously 

 considered for speed, and all risks were taken. The building of the 

 United States Bureau of Fisheries schooner Grampus demonstrated 

 that a safer vessel might also be swifter ; this caused a reaction, and 

 the form was soon abandoned, 

 (^ift of Daniel Poland, jr. Cat. No. 54,444 U.S.N.M. 



Block model of market-fishing schooners. 



The schooners Jolin M. Smart^ of Portsmouth, N. H., and Emma S. 

 Osier, of Gloucester, Mass., were built from this model at the latter 

 port in 1880, for employment in the shore-market fishery. Vessels 

 of this class, intended for fisliing only in inshore grounds, are gen- 

 erally comparatively small. They make short trips and market their 

 catch in a fresh condition. They are designed for swift sailing espe- 

 cially to windward. 



These vessels were of extreme clipper build, with long, straight 

 bow; broad beam; high bilge; long, sharp run; broad, elliptical 

 stern, with large overhang. 



