222 BULLETIX 127, UNITED STATES NATIOXAL MUSEUM. 



It is said that from the model of these Chinook-shaped canoes, 

 brought to Boston and New York by early fur traders, the idea of 

 our modern clipper ships was first obtained. 



The magnificent proportions of this canoe can be better under- 

 stood when it is stated that it is 19 feet longer than the Spcuv^ow 

 Hawk, an English vessel which brought settlers to America in 1626. 

 It is also considerably longer than the " pinkies " built for the New 

 England fisheries from 1820 to 1845. A portion of this canoe may 

 be seen at the upper margin of the Frontispiece. 

 Collected by J. G. Swan. Cat. No. 26,785 U.S.N.M. 



PART 2. 



DESCRIPTION OF VESSELS AND BOATS OF SOUTH AMERICA. 



Model of Brazilian dugout canoe. 



Dugout canoes of this type vary from 21 to 28 or 30 feet in length. 

 They are used at Bahia, Brazil, for fishing about the harbors or near 

 the land, but more especially as tenders to the jangadas or cata- 

 marans that go to sea on fishing cruises and are met on their return 

 by these canoes, which buy the fish and carry them to market, the 

 catama'rans seldom going up the harbor. 



This dugout is made of wood with a flat bottom; strong rake; 

 scoop-shaped bow ; rounded sides, tumbling in considerably at the top ; 

 and a square V-shaped stern, with a long overhang and no skag. 

 The canoe is rather straight on top except at the ends, where it 

 curves, up sharply, the bow ending in a point made to imitate a stem. 

 It is fitted with two thwarts, one well forward and the other amid- 

 ships, through which the masts are stepped. She is lateen rigged 

 and carries two sails set on long yards, which are hoisted on the 

 short masts, the latter having a strong rake forward. There is one 

 steering paddle with a lanceolate blade. 



The peculiarity of canoes of this type is that each mast is pro- 

 vided with one or more ropes having loops in the lower ends. When 

 there is a fresh breeze, one or more of the crew put the loop over 

 them, beneath their arms, and, placing their feet against the weather 

 gunwale, shove themselves out as far as possible to windward to 

 increase the stability of the boat. 



Dimensions of canoe. — Length over all, 28 feet; beam, 4 feet; 

 depth, 2 feet. Scale of model, one-half inch equals 1 foot. 

 Collected by the Bureau of Fisheries. Cat. No. 76,090 U.S.N.M. 



Model of Brazilian jangada. 



A catamaran, locally called " jangada," is used in navigating along 

 the shallow coasts of Brazil and for fishing. It is made of six logs 

 of buoyant wood, of varying sizes, each log pointed at both ends and 



