B. Mandible iwi crossed. 



1. Head crested. 44. Cardinal. 



2. Head not crested. 



a. No red on upper parts. 45. Rose=breasted Grosbeak. 



b. Upper parts with red. 



(1). With white wing-bars. 



\\ mil; more than 4.00. 15. Pine Grosbeak. 



<b). Wing less than 3.00. 20. Redpoll. 



(2). Without white wing-bars. 

 (a). Head blue. (Hypothetical) Painted Bunting. 



lit Head red. 16. Purple Finch. 



II. Under parts without streaks. 



A. With distinct yellow in the plumage. 



1. Mandibles crossed. 



a. With white wing-bars. 19. White-winged Crossbill. 



b. Without white wing-bars. 18. American Crossbill. 



2. Mai d I. - nol 1 - ss< ■!. 



a. Body bright yellow, wings, tail, crown black. 21. American Goldfinch. 



b. Lores yellow, .1 white throat blotch. 33. Whitethroated Sparrow. 



c. Lores and bend of wing yellow. 27. Grasshopper Sparrow. 



d. Black throat-patch, yellow above and below it. 47. Dickcissel. 



e. A broad white wing-patch, bill enormous. 14. Evening Grosbeak. 



B. With distinct blue in the plumage. 



1. Wing over 3.25. (.Hypothetical) Blue Grosbeak. 



_'. Wing under 3.00. 



a. Under parts red. (Hypothetical) Painted Bunting. 



h. Under parts blue. 46. Indigo Bunting. 



C. Head and neck black. 



1. Sides with rufous. 43. Towhee. 



2. Sides without rufous. 37. Junco. 



D. Crown plain rufous 



1. A dusky spot in middle of br at. 34. Tree Sparrow. 



2. Breast without a dusky spot. 



a. Bend of wing yellow. 38. Bachman Sparrow. 



b. Bend of wing not yellow. 



(1). Bill reddish. 36. Field Sparrow. 



(2). Bill dark brown to black. 



(a). Wing less than 3.00. 35. Chipping Sparrow. 



(b). Bill more than 3.00. 43. Towhee. 



E. Head more or less streaked. 



1. 3 white, 4 black streaks on crown. 32. White=crowned Sparrow. 



2. Three gray, 4 brown streaks on crown. 32. White=crowned Sparrow. 



3. Ear-coverts rufous, a black spot on breast. 30. Lark Sparrow. 



4. Bend of wing yellow. 29. Nelson Sparrow. 



F. Crown unstn al ed, not plain rufous. 



1. Crown black. 31. Harris Sparrow. 



2. Plumage mostly white. 23. Snowflake. 



3. Plumage mostly brown or slate gray. 



a. Forehead black, under parts gray. 41. Swamp Sparrow. 



b. Throat black. 17. English Sparrow. 



c. Crown, rami), breast washed with olive yellowish. 15. Pine Grosbeak. 



4. Plumage brownish with yellowish wash. 21. American Goldfinch. 

 III. Under parts -1 leaked 



A. Bend of wing yellow. 



1. Center of crown 1 ccasionally with an ashy-blue line. 29. Nelson Sparrow. 



2. Center of crown with a huffy stripe (sometimes 



Whitish). 



a. Under parts heavily streaked. 26. Savanna Sparrow. 



b. Under parts lightly streaked. 28. Henslow Sparrow. 



3. Crown plain, or with narrow whitish line. 38. Bachman SDarrow. 



B. Bend of wing not yellow. 



1. Wing under 3.00. - 



a. A cream-buff band across breast. 40. Lincoln Sparrow. 



b. No cream-buff band across breast. 



(r). Base of tail yellow. 22. Pine Siskin. 



(2). No yellow on tail. 39. Song Sparrow. 



2. Wing over 3.00. 



