(i). Speculum purple. 



i _■ i Spei iilimi gray i ir while. 



2. Wing-cn\eri> without white, 

 a. Legs yellowish, smaller. 



eddish, larger. 



3. Under parts chestnut. 



281. Mallard. 

 284. Gadwall. 



282. Black Duck. 



283. Red=legged Black Duck. 



284. Gadwall. 



Subfamily 3. FcugulinaE. Sea and Bay Ducks. 



This group >1 ducks inhabi 

 fish. Some are almost as e pel 

 aquatic anima 01 vegetables. Some are considered 

 fishy flavor. 



I. Whole head and neck black. 



A. Plumage entirely black. 



B. Plumag« no! entirely black. 



1. Bill with a bluish band near its tip. 



2. Bill plain bluish. 



a. Back of bead with purplish reflections. 



b. Back of head with greenish reflections. 



II. Head and neck rufous or rufous-brown. 



A. Head and neck rufous. 



1. Bill under 2.00. 



2. Bill over 2.00. 



B. Head and neck rufous-brown. 



1. Wing w uh .1 white patch. 



a. Region at base of bill not white. 



b. Region at base of bill white, 

 (i). \\ ing over 8.25. 



(21. Wing under 8.25. 



2. No white in wing. 



a. Bill over 2.00. 



b. Bill under 2.00. 



( 1 ). Wing over 8.00. 

 (2). Wing under 8.00. 



c. .Middle tail feathers long and slender. 



They dive to a considerable depth, often, for 

 grebes and loons. They feed upon almost any 

 a table delicacy, while others are of a decidedly 



304. American Scoter. 

 297. Ring=necked Duck. 



296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 

 295. American Scaup Duck. 



Head and throat steel 

 Steel green. 



Steel blue. 



Head and neck othen 



Wing over 10.00. 

 :. Bill over 2.00. 

 >. Bill under 2.C0. 



a. Speculum white. 



b. Speculum not wr. 

 Wing under 7.00. 



t. Tail feather- ni 

 l. Tail feathers si 



blue or steel green. 



rmal. 



fr and slender. 



293. Redhead. 



294. Canvasback. 



298 & 299. American and Barrows 

 (iolden=eyes. 



295. American Scaup Duck. 



296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 



294. Canvasback. 



293. Redhead. 



297. Ring=necked Duck. 

 301. Old=squaw. 



298. American Golden eye. 



299. Barrows Golden=eye. 



Eider. 



305. White=winged Scoter. 

 303. King Eider. 



300. Bufflehead. 



306. Ruddy Duck. 



Subfamily 4. AnsErinae. Geese. 



Like the river and pond ducks, the geese feed in the water by tipping instead of diving, for 

 which their large bodies are not adapted. They are vegetarians, and forage a great deal in fields, 

 picking up scattered grain. Rarely large flocks may damage newly sown or newly sprouting fields 

 of grain. Thev like the tender shoots of grass and grains. 



I. Head black, throat white. 



A. Length 35 or more. 



B. Length 34 or less. 



II. Head black, throat black. 



A. With less white below. 



B. With more white below. 



III. Whole head or forehead white. 

 A. Forehead white. 



( Hypothetical) Brant. 

 {Hypothetical) White-bellied Brant. 



278. American White=fronted Goose. 



