26 BULLETIN 142, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



the open ocean. The few straggling winter records for California 

 and South America give but a scant clue to the winter resorts of the 

 vast numbers that pass us on migrations. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — Distributed over both Old and New Worlds. 



Breeding range. — Arctic regions of both hemispheres. In Europe 

 and Asia the breeding range of the northern phalarope extends from 

 Iceland, Spitsbergen, and Scandinavia, across northern Russia and 

 Siberia to Bering Sea. South to Sakhalin Island, southern Russia 

 (Orenburg), and the Outer Hebrides, Shetland, and Orkney Islands. 



In North America the breeding range extends north to Alaska 

 (Near Islands, St. Paul Island, Nelson Island, Pastolik, St. Michael, 

 probably Golofin Bay, the Kowak Valley, Cape Blossom, Point 

 Hope, Point Barrow, and the Gens de Large Mountains) ; Mackenzie 

 (Franklin Bay) ; Keewatin (Cape Eskimo) ; probably Baffin Island 

 (Cumberland Sound) ; and Greenland (North Star Bay, Upernavik 

 and Jacob's Bight). East to Greenland (Disko Island) ; Labrador 

 (Nain and Hopedale) ; and western Quebec (Fort George and 

 Rupert House). South to western Quebec (Rupert House) ; north- 

 ern Manitoba (York Factory and Fort Churchill) ; Mackenzie (Artil- 

 lery Lake and Fort Rae) ; and Alaska (Nushagak and Kiska Island). 

 West to Alaska (Kiska and Near Islands). 



Winter range. — The winter range of the European and Asiatic 

 birds appears to extend south to southern Japan, the north coast of 

 New Guinea, Ceram, the coast of Beluchistan, the east coast of 

 Arabia, and probably points in the northern part of the Indian 

 Ocean. 



The winter range of North American breeding birds of this species 

 is more or less imperfectly known, and they are believed to winter 

 largely at sea. It has been reported as wintering in southern Cali- 

 fornia; it has been taken or observed in Costa Rica (Desamparados) 

 and Peru (Tumbez) ; there is a specimen in the museum at Buenos 

 Aires, Argentina, that was taken in Patagonia. 



/Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival in North America are : 

 Florida, 175 miles west of Tampa, March 14; Bermuda Islands, 

 March 18; South Carolina, near Chester, May 17; North Carolina, 

 Cape Lookout, April 3; Maryland, Cumberland, May 23; New Jer- 

 sey, 80 miles off Barnegat, May 6, and Cape May County, May 22; 

 New York, Long Cave, April 2, Montauk Point, April 30, and 

 Branchpoint, May 16; Connecticut, Quinnipiac Marshes, May 21; 

 Massachusetts, near Boston, May 5, Marthas Vineyard, May 6, 

 and Provincetown, May 21; Maine, near Milo, May 3; Quebec, 

 Godbout, May 27; Nova Scotia, Halifax, May 12; Ohio, Youngs- 



