80 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 227 



erally ; dorsal cirri green or brown ; color, preserved : tannish to greenish 

 with brown spots; may be nearly continuous dorsolateral longitudinal 

 bands and middorsal spots in intersegmental areas. 



Biology. — Found intertidally in rocky pools, on algae, hydroids, 

 in muddy sand under rocks, on pilings among mussels, hydroids, and 

 algae (as Laminaria) and encrusting calcareous algae. Dredged on 

 bottoms of mud, rocks, shells, coarse sand, gravel and shells, with 

 sponges, "weed," algae, among bryozoan nodules, tunicates (as sandy 

 Amaroecium). They "were extremely numerous among the fouling 

 organisms in the oceanographic fouling studies in the New England 

 area; they evidently feed on barnacles as they were found in large 

 gregarious clumps among and inside the valves of the barnacles, the 

 barnacle flesh being in all stages of breakdown. It is an active species, 

 secreting a great deal of mucus. It is predaceous, attacking and de- 

 vouring other polychaetes and nemerteans, being itself protected to 

 some extent by its abundant offensive mucus. They were found in 

 the stomach of the flatfish Limandaferruginea Storer (Bay of Chaleurs, 

 June 19, 1956), and of haddock (Georges Bank, 1953 and 1954, R. 

 Wigley). 



According to Thorson (1946, p. 54) and Smidt (1951, p. 47), it lays 

 transparent gelatinous egg masses with green eggs, the masses anchored 

 to the bottom with long branched prolongations. Spawning takes 

 place in February to May. The larvae hatch a few days later and 

 have a long planktonic existence. The early developmental stages 

 were followed by Agassiz (1867). According to Newell (1954) their 

 green jelly cocoons are attached to stones and weeds during the 

 several weeks breeding period in April to May at Whitstable. Accord- 

 ing to Moore (ms.), in the Woods Hole area it is gregarious during 

 the breeding period, breeding in April and again in July; at this time 

 the secretion of mucus appears to be especially abundant. 



Material examined. — Numerous specimens from Gulf of St. 

 LawTence, off Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, 

 New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Long Island Sound, 

 low water to 90 fathoms. 



Distribution. — West Greenland, Iceland, Norway to North Sea, 

 France, West Africa, Hudson Bay to Rhode Island, Alaska to British 

 Columbia, north Japan Sea. In low water to 90 fathoms. 



Phyllodoce (Anaitides) groenlandica Oersted, 1842 



Figure 18e 



PhrjUodoce groenlandica Verrill, 1881, pp. 289, 294, 295, 304, 308, 314, 315, 316, 

 pi. 5, fig. 5.— Webster and Benedict, 1884, p. 703; 1887, p. 710.— Whiteaves, 

 1901, p. 82.— Fauvel, 1923, p. 153, fig. 54, /-i.— Procter, 1933, p. 137.— Thor- 

 son, 1946, p. 52, fig. 21.— Miner, 1950, p. 312, pi. 102.— Pratt, 1951, p. 



