86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 227 



Okuda, 1938, p. 88.— Hartman, 1942b, p. 37; 1944a, p. 338, pi. 23, fig. 11; 

 1948, p. 20, fig. 5a.— Thorson, 1946, p. 58, fig. 25.— Baillie, 1946, p. 473.— 

 Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948, p. 48.— Treadwell, 1948, p. 26, fig. 13a.— 

 Wesenberg-Lund, 1950b, p. 35; 1951, p. 28.— Uschakov, 1955, p. 98, fig. 5.— 

 Banse, 1959, p. 423.— Uschakov and Wu, 1959, p. 25.— Fauvel and Rullier, 

 1959, p. 511.— Clark, 1960, p. 16. 



Description. — Length up to 150 mm., width up to 3 mm., seg- 

 ments up to 200. Prostomium with 2 moderately large eyes; some- 

 times with scattered pigment lateral to the eyes. Second tentacular 

 segment with 2 pairs tentacular cirri, with setae. Longest tentacular 

 cirri extend to setigers 10-12. Color, in life: pale to dark green in- 

 cluding dorsal cirri, with or without brown spots on dorsal cirri and 

 on bases of parapodia both dorsally and ventrally; dorsum also may 

 be somewhat spotted; eggs green; color, preserved: pale to deep green, 

 bluish gray, yellowish to golden brown, iridescent. 



Biology. — Found intertidally in rocky tide pools, in gravelly sand, 

 peat, on pilings and wharfs among ascidians, sponges, mussels, algae 

 (as Laminaria) and encrusting calcareous algae. Dredged on bottoms 

 of sand, mud, rocks, gravel, stones, with shells, large barnacles, 

 sponges, algae, "weed," bryozoan nodules, compound tunicates, being 

 especially abundant among sandy tunicates Amaroecium pellucidum (in 

 Woods Hole area). One of the more abundant organisms found in 

 the oceanographic fouling studies in the New England area. Eggs 

 laid in slimy green egg masses on sandy spots among rocks or on 

 algae and sponges (Thorson, 1946). Males massed with white sperm 

 masses and females with green eggs found in July (Rye Harbor, New 

 Hampshire, July 3, 1958). 



Material examined. — Numerous specimens from North Atlantic 

 (off Newfoundland, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia, Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Long Island 

 Sound, low water to 64 fathoms). North Pacific (Washington and 

 Puget Sound, Strait of Juan de Fuca, low water to 22 fathoms). 



Distribution.— Widely distributed in the Arctic. Also Iceland, 

 Scandinavian countries to English Channel, Mediterranean, West 

 Africa, Gulf of St. Lawrence to New Jersey, Alaska to Oregon, Pana- 

 ma, Japan, China, Indian Ocean. In low water to 125 fathoms. 



Eulalia bilineata (Johnston, 1840) 



Figure 20 



Eulalia gracilis Verrill and Smith, 1874, p. 292 (type in USNM). — Webster and 

 Benedict, 1884, p. 703. — Sumner, Osburn, and Cole, 1913, p. 617. 



Eulalia bilineata Webster and Benedict, 1887, p. 710, pi. 1, figs. 1-3, pi. 2, fig. 4 

 (type in USNM; same as E. bilineata Johnston, 1840). 



Eulalia bilineata Fauvel, 1923, p. 162, fig. 58,a-e. — Annenkova, 1937, p. 157; 1938, 

 p. 143. — Berkeley and Berkeley, 1948, p. 48, fig. 71. — Wesenberg-Lund, 

 1953, p. 32.— Uschakov, 1955, p. 98, fig. 5.— Uschakov and Wu, 1959, p. 25. 



