256 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 227 



Mediterranean, Red Sea, Davis Strait, Gulf of Maine to off Florida, 

 West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, off Brazil, Argentina, Siberia, Japan, 

 off southern California, Galapagos, Panama, Peru, East Indies, New 

 Zealand, Indian Ocean, West and South Africa. In 7 to 2,393 

 fathoms. 



Family Lumbrineridae (=Lumbriconereidae and 

 Lumbrinereidae) 



Body elongate, cylindrical, linear, tapering slightly anteriorly 

 and more so posteriorly. Prostomium (fig. Q7,a,d,g) reduced to a 

 simple, conical or subspherical lobe, usually without appendages 

 (may be minute antennae or papillae at posterior border), usually 

 without eyespots. A pair of inconspicuous nuchal organs present 

 in fossa between the prostomium and first segment. Ventrally a 

 pair of buccal cushionlike lips present (sometimes referred to as 

 palps, fig. 696). First 2 segments apodous, may be more or less 

 fused ventrally, forming longitudinal ridges of the lower lip. 



Parapodia essentially uniramous. Notopodium may be repre- 

 sented by a dorsal bundle of embedded fine acicula, Neuropodium 

 with simple, bilimbate setae vdth fine tips (fig. 69, e,/) and hooded 

 hooks or crotchets, the latter simple (fig. 69^) and/or compound 

 (fig. Q7,c,f). Without dorsal and ventral cirri; usually with 4 short 

 anal cirri (fig. 706) ; with (fig. 686) or without parapodial branchiae. 

 Proboscis eversible, with elaborate dark chitinized jaw pieces (may 

 be partially calcified), consisting of a pair of ventral flat blades, the 

 mandibles (partially fused anteromedially, flared anteriorly, fig. 

 Q9,h,i) and 4 pairs of more dorsal symmetrical maxillae. Maxillae i, 

 the forceps, hinged to a pair of short broad maxillary carriers which 

 are embedded in the pharyngeal muscles; maxillae ii-iv simple or 

 toothed (fig. Q9,h,j). 



The lumbrinerids are usually long, threadlike, often coiling in 

 long spirals. They break up easily, making it difficult to obtain 

 entire specimens. They are chiefly carnivorous and burrowing. In 

 the few forms where early development has been observed (as Lum- 

 brineris latreilli by Okuda, 1946; Lumhrineris sp. by Fewkes, 1883), 

 large yolky eggs are laid in gelatinous masses, attached to the mud or 

 algae, the early stages being passed within the gelatinous masses. 

 The young larvae of 4 or more setigerous segments crawl out, thus 

 having a nonpelagic development. 



Both genera represented have the prostomium without antennae. 



