30 



UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 24 



Schrank (1781); pollinosa Loew (1870); puerilis 

 Becker (1923); rakanensis Matsumura (1916); rufa 

 Strobl (1906) ; rufipes De Geer (1776) [=flavipes Fal- 

 len (181i) , frontalis Fabricius (1794), pratensis Olivier 

 (1789), venosa Fourcroy (1785)]; f 'rufipes Scopoli 

 (1763) [=ruficornis Olivier (1789)] ; rufithorax Loew 

 (1853) ; rungsi Tinion-David (1951) ; sarnarana Becker 

 (1923); segmentaria Becker (1923); speculifrons 

 Wiedemann in Meigen (1820), speculifrons gagatoides 

 Strobl (1906); strandi Duda (1910); sudentica Duda 

 (1940) ; valida Loew (1856) ; wiedemanni Meigen 

 (1820). 



Ethiopian (allocation dubious) : Dioctria fflavipen- 

 nis Macquart (1838); morio Fabricius (1794); stig- 

 maticans Fabricius (1805). 



Australian (allocation dubious) : Dioctria conopso- 

 ides Fabricius (1775). 



Locality unknown: Dioctria horsleyi Walker (1851). 



Ricardo (1912), states that Dioctria horsleyi cannot 

 be a Dioctria as the foretibia has a spine, but she makes 

 no suggestion of where to place it. It is left here 

 pending further study. 



Immature stages of European species of Dioctria 

 are well known and at least 5 species have been dealt 

 with by Beling (1882), Brauer (1883), Lundbeck 

 (1908), de Meijere (1916), and Melin (1923). 



The species of the three subgenera proposed for 

 Nearctic species by Wilcox and Martin have been in- 

 cluded under Dioctria. The relation of Palaearctic 

 species to these subgenera is unknown. 



Subgenus Eudioctria Wilcox and Martin 



Eudioctria Wilcox and Martin, Ent. Americana, vol. 21, p. 8, 

 1941. Type of subgenus: Dioctria albius Walker, 1849, by 

 original designation. 



Distinguished by the flat and bare scutellum and 

 stout microtuberculate bristles on the ventral surface 

 of the hind femur and tibia. Species tend to be dimor- 

 phic. Found in the eastern and Pacific Coast states 

 but not thus far in the middle western states. Eleven 

 species included. 



Subgenus Metadioctria Wilcox and Martin 



Metadioctria Wilcox and Martin, Ent. Americana, vol. 21, p. 19, 

 1941. Type of subgenus: Dioctria rubida Coquillett, 1S93, 

 by original designation. 



Characterized by the long, erect hairs along the 

 scutellar margin; scutellum flattened; l'emur and tibia 

 lack setigerous bristles. Hind tibia and metatarsus 

 normal, the latter subequal to the length of segments 

 two and three combined. Two species included. 



Subgenus Nannodioctria Wilcox and Martin 



Neodioctria Wilcox and Martin, Ent. Americana, vol. 21, p. 7, 

 1941. Type of subgenus: Neodioctria albicornis Wilcox 

 and Martin, 1941, by original designation. Preoccupied 

 by Asilidae Ricardo, 1918. 



Nannodioctria Wilcox and Martin, Bull Brooklyn Ent. Soc, 

 vol. 37, p. 35, 1942. Change of name. 



First and second antennal segments nearly equal in 

 length, the third narrow basally and quite broad in 



the middle, its microsegment minute; face profile 

 slightly convex, the epistomal area and antennal base 

 not prominent. One species known. 



Genus Echthodopa Loew 



Figures 1, 404, 803, 812 



Echthodopa Loew, Berliner Ent. Zeitsehr., vol. 10, p. 16, 1866. 



Type of genus Echthodopa pubera Loew, 1S66, by monotypy. 

 Echthopoda Loew, Beschreibungen europaischen Dipteren, vol. 



2, p. 78. 1871. Author's emendation. 



Flies of medium size. Distinguished from Dioctria 

 Meigen chiefly by the numerous, strong bristles on the 

 anterior surface of the middle femur and the lateral 

 surface of the hind femur, together with the dense tuft 

 of bristles or bristly hairs on the lower end and ele- 

 vated third of the face. The hind femur and middle 

 femur are rather stout; the pile of the legs is dense 

 and fine; the mesonotal bristles are weakly differen- 

 tiated and the occiput, pronotum and scutellum bear 

 only stiff hairs. Palpus with a distinct vestige of the 

 antepenultimate segment. Length 12 to 16 mm. 



Head, lateral aspect : The head is of medium length 

 with the face short and gently elevated on the lower 

 third. The occiput is scarcely visible on the upper 

 portion, clue to the posterior encroachment of the eye, 

 but is prominent below on account of the anterior 

 recession of the eye. Occipital pile abundant, long and 

 rather fine, the dorsal elements proclinate, and coarse. 

 Bristles absent. Proboscis of moderate length and 

 longer than the face, stout basally with well developed 

 medial dorsal ridge, the apex bluntly pointed, its halves 

 slightly divergent and the basal half with numerous, 

 long, fine hairs ventrally. Palpus with the ultimate 

 segment spindlelike, not porate, carrying bristly hairs 

 on all sides and attached to one side of the apex of the 

 penultimate segment. This penultimate segment, 

 which is bowl-shaped, is separated by a distinct basal 

 constriction from a rounded, dorsally fused, antepen- 

 ultimate segment. Basal segments of palpus with long, 

 abundant pile. Antenna attached at the upper fourth 

 of the head, elongate and slender, the first two seg- 

 ments of nearly equal length, the third segment a little 

 longer than the combined length of the first two and 

 bearing two stout microsegments. The distal micro- 

 segment is the longer, is spoon-shaped and bears a dor- 

 sally exposed spine. The medioventral surface of the 

 third segment has an oval patch of modified pubescence 

 similar to that found in Dioctria. 



Head, anterior aspect: Face densely pubescent, pile 

 concentrated on the lower elevated portion and con- 

 sisting of a dense, broad patch of long, slender bristles 

 or bristly hairs. Subepistomal area large, pubescent, 

 with medial depression. The face below antenna is 

 moderately wide and slightly divergent below. Front 

 sunken, not pubescent, with stiff, long hairs laterally. 

 Vertex moderately excavated, the ocellar protuberance 

 prominent, with vertical sides. Anterior ocellus en- 



