232 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



8456. Cebu market. March 28, 1909. Length 228 mm. 



A1535. Doc Can Island. January 7, 1910. Length 230 mm. 



A420. Jolo market. March 7, 1908. Length 273 mm. 



72196 U.S.N.M. Cagayancillo. R. C. MacGregor. Length 120 mm. 



71593 to 71595 U.S.N.M. Nafa, Okinawa. Albatross collection 1906. Length 



222 to 230 mm. 

 52521 U.S.N.M. Apia, Samoa. Bureau of Fisheries. Two examples, 68 to 127 



mm. 

 51111 U.S.N.M. Hawaiian Islands. Bureau of Fisheries. Length 193 mm. 



HEPATUS PYROFERUS (Kittlilz) 



Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, Mus. Senckenb., vol. 1, 1834, p. 193, pi. 12, 

 fig. 2. Ulea Island, Carolines. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 

 1861, p. 337 (copied); Journ. Mus. Godeflfroy, vol. 4, 1875, p. 113 (copied). 



Acanthurus armiger Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 234. 

 No locality [Carolines]. 



Acardhurus tennenti Gunther, Cat. Fisli. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1861, p. 337. 

 Ceylon. 



Acanthurus tennenti Day, Fishes of India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 204 (Ceylon); 

 Fishes of India, Suppl., 1888, p. 788 (Akkaran); Fauna Brit. India, vol. 

 2, 1889, p. 140. 



Depth Vyi to 2ys; head 3^ to 3%, width 23^ to 2%. Snout 1}4 

 to 1}4; eye 4^^ to 5%, 3% to 4}4 in snout, 13^ to 1 J^ in interorbital; 

 teeth 18 to 20 in jaws, moderate; maxillary 43^ to 4% in head; inter- 

 orbital 3 to sys; opercle, preopercle limb and humeral arch with 

 radiating striae, rather fine, not prominent. Gill rakers 8 + 16, short, 

 cuneate, fleshy, flexible. 



Scales broadly ovoid, small, narrowly imbricated, circuli extremely 

 fine and numerous; apical denticles 14 to 22, with 11 to 13 trans- 

 verse series of basal elements more or less complete cusps. 



D. IX, 27, I to 29, I, last spine 1^ to 23^8 in head, nineteenth ray 

 13^ to 13^; A. Ill, 25, 1 to 27, 1, third spine 2}/^ to 2%, nineteenth ray 

 13^ to 1^; caudal deeply emarginate or lunate, end produced in long 

 points with age, 2 to 3% in combined head and body; least depth 

 of caudal peduncle 2^^ to 2^^ in head; pectoral 1 to 1^5-; ventral 

 13^ to 13^; caudal spine 2% to 33/^. 



Body largely uniform chocolate brown. Usually large triangular 

 darker area at upper humeral region, often only as angular and 

 usually enclosing an area twice or extent of eye, sometimes rarely less 

 than eye. Iris brownish. Edge of opercular membrane along gill 

 openmg often dusky narrowly. Iris brown. Dorsals and anals 

 largely dusky brown, deeper than body, each sometimes show narrow 

 pale blue-gray basal line and edges of fins brighter blue narrowly. 

 Caudal largely dusky medially and behind, base whitish or pale gray 

 and upper and lower edges of fins brownish. Pectoral dusky or 

 brownish largely, terminally above with broad pale blotch, light 

 brown. Ventral neutral dusky. Groove and edges of caudal spine 

 blackish. 



