292 BULLETIN 10 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



(Philippines). — Fowlkr and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, 1922, 

 p. 57 (Cebu, Philippines). — Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia; 

 1927, p. 287 (Vigan, Orion, Philippines, Manila). 

 Amphacanthus russelii Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 10, 1835, p. 123 

 (on Worahwah Russell, Fishes of Coromandel, vol. 2, 1803, p. 2, pi. 103, 

 Vizagapatam). — Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Genoot. (Nal. Ichth. Bengal), 

 vol. 25, 1953, p. 48. 



Depth 2i^ to 2}4; head 3% to 4,V^, width V/s to 2^. Snout 2}4 

 to 2% in head; eye 2j4 to 4^, 13^ to 2^/8 in snout, 1 to 1^ in inter- 

 orbital; teeth about 48 to 50 in each jaw; maxillary 33<£ to 3J4 in 

 head; interorbital 2% to 2^, broadly convex; preopercle ]imb, oper- 

 cle and supra-scapular arch finely striate. Gill rakers 4 + 18, short, 

 cuneate points. 



Scales minute, ovoid, elongate, cycloid, 55 to 120 circuli. Cheek 

 more or less entirely covered with small scales to preopercle ridge. 



D. XIII, 10, 1, fifth spine 1^ to 2 in head, third ray 1^ to l^^; 

 A. VII, 9, 1, third spine 1^ to 2, third ray 1^ to 2}/q; caudal lunate, 

 moderately emarginate, 3% to 3% in combined head and body; 

 least depth of caudal peduncle 33^ to 4 in head; pectoral I'j/s to 1}4', 

 ventral 1^ to 1J4- 



Back and upper surfaces variably brown to darker, below much 

 paler. Back rather finely spotted with grayish, spots usually very 

 small and crowded on predorsal, often tendency to form short hori- 

 zontal gray bars of variable length. Below lateral line variable gray- 

 white longitudinal bands, often waved somewhat or with 10 or 12 

 more or less complete and broader below median axis of body. 

 Cheek mottled or speckled with gray-white blotches, as very numer- 

 ous dots with age. Vertical fins brownish, more or less clouded with 

 dusky, anal with grayish-white tinge. Pectoral pale or grayish-brown. 

 Ventral more or less whitish, with grayish shades. Iris grayish to 

 whitish. 



Ceylon, India, East Indies, Philippines. Preserved specimens are 

 often quite dark or with very obscure markings. 



20132. Bacoor, Luzon market. June 15, 1908. Length 123 mm. 



One example. Below mouth of Mindanao River, Cotabato, Mindanao. May 

 20, 1908. Length 60 mm. 



12402. Bolalo Bay, Palawan. December 21, 1908. Length 188 mm. 



5673. Busin Harbor, Burias Island. April 23, 1908. Length 254 mm. 



5515,8860,13800. Catbalogan, Samar. April 15, 1908. Length 158 to 260 mm. 

 Very dark bay, nearly black. Top of head and body with elliptical dark 

 greenish spots; breast and belly paler; purplish shades showing as stripes of 

 more intense color changing to bronze toward middle of body. Side of head 

 olive. Dorsal very dark olive. Anal bronzed. Caudal dark purplish smoky. 

 Pectoral rays dusky olive, membranes hyaline. Ventral dusky, with bronze 

 shades. 



Five examples. Cotabato, below mouth of Mindanao River, Mindanao. 

 May 20, 1908. Length 70 to 105 mm. 



5996. Cavite market. December 1, 1908. Length 105 mm. 



