A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 85 



ff2. AH the IIIBr series 2; or exceptionally IIIBr 4 (3 + 4) series will follow IIBr 2 

 series, especially on the posterior rays (Java to Australia, south to the Abrolhos 

 Islands, Western Austraha, and Balhna, New South Wales, the Bonin Islands, 

 southern Japan, the Philippines, Formosa [Taiwan], and Fukien Province, 



China; 0-150 metersj Comantheria, p. 483. 



e^ IIBr series all 2; but some, or all, of the following division series 4 (3 + 4) (Ceylon to 

 tropical Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, the Gilbert, Caroline, Pelew, and 



Bonin Islands,- and the Philippines; 0-110 meters) Comanthus, p. 527. 



cP. All of the division series of 2 elements united by syzygy, resembling the IBr series; 



segments of the genital pinnules short and broad, in the basal half of the pinnules usually 



much broader than long (Aru Islands and northern Australia south to Baudin Island, 



Western Australia, and Port MoUe, Queensland; 0-69.4 meters)... Comatula, p. 302. 



c^. First pinnule of the undivided arms on the first brachial; brachials 2 + 3 united by syzygy 



(China Sea to the Borneo Bank ; 0-59 meters) Capillaster, p. 1 50. 



Subfamily Capillasterinae A. H. Clark 



Capillaslerinae A. H. Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, p. 175 (includes Nemasler, 

 Capillaster, Neocomatella, Comatella, Comatilia, Leptonemasler, and Comissia); Ann. and Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, 1911, p. 644 (the genus Comissia faUs in this subfamily); Die Fauna 

 siidwest-Australiens, vol. 3, Lief. 13, 1911, p. 438 (2 genera and 3 species in Australia); 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 390 {Neocomatella, Comatella, Nemaster, and Capillaster 

 all fall in this subfamily); Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 6 (number of East Indian 

 genera; luimber of genera also found in the Atlantic; number of genera represented by closely 

 allied, genera in the Atlantic; genera exclusively confined to the East Indian region; number 

 of East Indian species); p. 14 (distribution in the East Indies); p. 20 (distribution in detail); 

 p. 54 (in key); Bull, de I'Institut oc^anographique, Monaco, No. 294, 1914, pp. 7, 8 (relations 

 to temperature); Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, No. 19, 1914, pp. 559-563 (correlation 

 of geograpliical and bathymetrical ranges) ; No. 20, p. 582 (relation to temperature of habitat) ; 

 Interuat. Revue d. gesamt. Hydrobiol. u. Hydrogr., 1914, pp. 3 and following (Atlantic and 

 corresponding Indo-Pacific genera); Records of the Western Australian Museum, vol. 1, part 

 3, 1914, p. 114 (genus and species collected by the Endeavor in Western Austraha); Journ. 

 Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1915, pp. 126-134 (bathymetrical range; phylogenetic 

 and palaeontological significance); Die Crinoiden der Antarktis, 1915, p. 132 (covering plates); 

 Amer. Journal of Science, vol. 40, 1915, p. 67 (detailed discussion of bathymetrical range); 

 Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., vol. 65, No. 10, 1915, pp. 42 and foUowing (]5hylogenetic study); 

 American Naturalist, vol. 49, 1915, p. 525 (bathymetrical and thermal ranges; asymmetrical 

 genera, with bathymetrical ranges); p. 539 (genera with asymmetrical disks; genera with one 

 or more rays dwarfed); Unstalked Crinoids of the Siboga Exped., 1918, p. 1 (in key); p. 2 

 (in key; key to included genera); University of Iowa, Studies in Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, 1921, 

 p. 12 (represented in West Indies); p. 22; Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., vol. 72, No. 7, 1921, p. 3. 



CapillasUriiies A. H. Clark, BuU. du mus. d'hist. nat., Paiis, No. 4, 1911, p. 246. 



Diagnosis. — A subfamily of Comasteridae in which the cirri always bear dorsal 

 spines or tubercles on the outer segments and are stout or numerous and well devel- 

 oped; they are absent only in a single species; the arms are 10, or more than 10, in 

 number; when there are more than 10 arms the division series are all 2, or the IIBr 

 series are 4 (3+4), rarely 2, and the following division series are 3 (2 + 3); when 

 there are more than 10 arms and the division series are all 2 the first syzygy is be- 

 tween brachials 1+2; except occasionally on the outermost arms of each ray, where 

 it may be between brachials 3+4; when the IIBr series are 4 (3 + 4) the first brachial 

 syzygy is always between brachials 2 + 3; when the IIBr series are 4 (3 + 4) the first 

 pinnule of the free arms is on the first brachial following the axillary, and in division 



