A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRIiVOIDS 307 



1896, pp. 313, 365.-CLAITS, Lehrb. d. Zool.. 1897, p. 318.— Parker and Haswell, A Text Book 

 of Zool., vol. 1, 1897, p. 392.— Bather, Report British Assoc, for 1898, 1899, p. 923; in Lan- 

 KESTER, A Treatise on Zool., vol. 3, Echinoderma, 1900, pp. 130, 136, 137, 196 — [Beli ] Guide 

 to the Shell and Star-fish Galleries in Brit. Mus., 1901, p. 113.— Huxley, Anatomy of I'nverte- 

 brated Animals, 1901, p. 498.— Springer, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 25, No. 1, 1901, 

 p. 29.— Jaekel, Verhandl. des V. Internat. zool. Congresses zu Berlin, 1901, 1902. p. 1083 — 

 Delage and HfiRouARD, Traits de zool. concrete, vol. 3, 1903, p. 394.— Springer, Bull Lab 

 Nat. Hist., Univ. Iowa, vol. 5, 1903, p. 220.— Sperrt, Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci., 1904, p 198 — 

 MiNCKERT, Archiv f. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 71, 1905, vol. 1, Heft 1, p. 166.— Reichensperger 

 BuU. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 46, No. 10, 1905, p. 172 (anatomy); Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol. 8oi 

 pt. 1, 1905, p. 25 (anatomy). — Springer, Journal of Geology, vol. 14, No. 6, 1906, pp. 488* 

 504.— Chadwick, Liverpool Biol. Committee Memoir 15, 1907, p. 15.— Do'derlein, Gest! 

 Crin. Siboga Exped., 1907, p. 8.— Hamann, Bronns Klassen u. Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, 

 vol. 2, Abt. 3, 1907, p. 1582.— A. H. Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 70, footnote 

 (pure synonyn of Comalala with the same species as genotype); vol. 34, 1908, p. 437 (discussion 

 of the genotype); vol. 35, 1908, p. 113 (arm structure; revision); vol. 36, 1909, p. 361 (relation- 

 ship to Antedon); p. 494 (history; revision). — Chadwick, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, 

 1908, p. 44.— Reichensperger, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 33, No. 11, Aug. 18, 1908, pp. 365-367 

 (glandular structures).— Steinmann, Die geol. Grundlagen d. Abstammungslehre, 1908, 

 p. 158.— Bather, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, 1909, p. 39.— A. H. Clark, Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, 1909, p. 308.— Oswald, Science Progress, No. 13, July 1909, 

 p. 133.— Kirk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1911, pp. 66, 95, 96, 97, 99, 125.— A. H. Clark, 

 Smiths. Miscell. Coll., vol. 60, No. 10, 1912, p. 6.— Hartlaub, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, 

 No. 4, 1912, pp. 282, 413. — Reichensperger, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., vol. 101, Heft 1-2, 1912, 

 pp. 3 and following (anatomy). 



Comatula {ActinormtTo) J. MOller, Abhandl. d. k. preus. Akad. d. Wiss., 1847, 1849, p. 246. — 

 Kuhl and van Hasselt, in Herklots, Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, vol. 9, 1869, p. 10. 



Antedon (part) Wyville Thomson, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc, vol. 155, 1865, p. 537. 



Actimomeira P. H. Carpenter, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), ser. 2, vol. 2, 1879, p. 37 (typographical 

 error) . 



Aclijnometra Filhol, La vie au fond des mors, 1885, pp. 212, 216. 



Aclinometra Koehler, Mem. soc. zool. France, vol. 8, 1895, p. 420 (typographical error). 



Actinometer Springer, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist., Univ. Iowa, vol. 5, 1903, p. 220 (typographical error). 



Aclinomerta A. H. Clark, Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 91 (editorial error). 



Diagnosis.- — A genus of Comactiniinae including species in which there are not 

 more than XX cirri with not more than 25 segments, of which at least some, and 

 commonly all, are longer than broad. Cirri are occasionailj- absent, the centrodorsal 

 being reduced to a pentagonal or stellate plate v/ithin the radial circlet. The arms 

 are 10-27 in number, stout, frequently much broadened in the proximal portion, the 

 anterior arms sometimes with the distal portion greatly elongated and attenuated. 

 The elements of the division series are short and broad and, usually with the first 

 2 brachials, are in lateral contact with their neighbors on either side. The segments 

 of the genital pinnules are short and broad, in the basal half of the pinnules usually 

 much broader than long, and more or less produced distally. 



Geographical range. — From Ce3^1on and the Gulf of Martaban to Australia, 

 south to between Fremantle and Geraldton, Western AustraUa, and Sandon Bluffs, 

 New South Wales, northward to Luzon, the China Sea, and Hong Kong, and east- 

 ward possibly to the Society Island. 



Bathymetrical range. — From the shore line down to 109 metei-s. 



Remarks. — The normally 20-armed species of this genus (rotalaria) has been 

 set apart as the type of a special subgenus, Validia, chiefly on account of its curious 



