A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CEINOIDS 481 



History. — This species was first mentioned in 1879 by P. H. Carpenter under the 

 name of Actinometra novae-guineae as having been secured by the Challenger at 

 Banda. On examining the type of novae-guineae in the Leyden Museum he dis- 

 covered his mistake, and in 1881 he noted that the Challenger specimen from Banda 

 was not novae-guineae, thougli he did not further identify it. 



In 1879 Carpenter pubUshcd a diagram showing schematically the distribution 

 of the ambulacra on the disk in a new species of Actinometra from the Philippines 

 which had been collected by the Challenger. The mouth is radial and submarginal, 

 the anal tube is central, and the ambulacral groove to the right of the anal area is 

 much reduced. Carpenter does not mention this diagram again. The specimen 

 from wliich it was drawn is the one which was later described as Actinometra nobilis. 



In 1881 he described a remarkably fine comasterid which he had found in the 

 Leyden Museum labeled, with a query, as having come from the East Indies, under 

 the name of Actinometra schlegelii. He gave the division series as being all 4 (3+4) 

 and said that the species had as its specially distinctive character the peculiarity 

 presented by the radials, which are flush with the IBrj along the middle line, but 

 are thickened and turned upward at the angles, which appear as 5 small tubercles 

 around the edge of the centrodorsal. He compared this new species only with Coman- 

 thus bennetii. 



In 1884 in his report upon the stalked crinoids of the Challenger expedition Car- 

 penter discussed Actinometra schlegelii at considerable length, and also 2 undescribed 

 forms, Actinometra nobilis and Actinometra dissimilis, of both of which he gave specific 

 formulas in footnotes. 



The specimen of Actinometra multifida recorded by Bell in 1884 from the Percy 

 Islands was in reality this species. 



In 1887 Prof. Ludwig von Graff described some myzostomes sent him by Car- 

 penter which had been taken from specimens from Zamboanga determined as Acti- 

 nometra nobilis. 



In 1888 Carpenter described and figured Actinometra nobilis, Actinometra duplex 

 and Actinometra regalis. All of these he assigned to his Parricirra group. Actino- 

 metra duplex and Act. nobilis he placed side by side in the key to the species of this 

 group as being distinguished by having the IIIBr series 2 externally and 4 (3+4) 

 internally. They were distinguished from each other by nobilis having no functional 

 cirri and the rays closely united, while in duplex there are XV cirri and the rays are 

 free. He placed Actinometra regalis and Act. schlegelii under the heading including 

 species with all the IIIBr series 4 (3+4). They were placed side by side; regalis 

 was said to have the radials largely visible, the brachials of moderate length, and the 

 pinnules on the fourth and fifth brachials short, while in schlegelii the radials are 

 mostly concealed, the brachials are short, and the pinnules on the fourth and fifth 

 brachials are not especially short. Actinometra dissimilis was mentioned only in 

 the remarks under Actinometra nobilis. Carpenter said that the name referred to 

 the 5 specimens from Zamboanga which in 1884 he considered specifically distinct 

 from the specimen from Challenger station 208, on which he seems originally to have 

 based the name nobilis. From the records which he gives it is evident that the 

 novae-guineae which he mentioned in 1879 and 1881 was the type of Actinometra 

 duplex. 



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