A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 629 



together as Typus B. He recorded and gave notes upon 19 spcciaicns of timorensis 

 which had been collected by Dr. J. Brock at Amboina, and upon one from Mortlock 

 Island, 1 from Lombock Strait, 2 from Tonga (labeled Actinometra intricata Li'itken), 

 and 1 from Fiji (labeled Actinometra guttata Liitken) in the Hamburg Museum, and also 

 on 1 from Atjeh in the Leyden Museum. In 1 of the specimens from Tonga all of 

 the IIBr series are 2, and it is rather curious that Hartlaub should not have seen that 

 this is identical %vith the form described by Carpenter as Actinometra valida. 



In 1898 Prof. Ludwig Doderlein recorded specimens of this species (as parvicirra) 

 from Amboina, in 1900 Prof. Georg Pfeffer recorded a specimen (as litoralis) from 

 Ternate, and in 1904 Mr. Herbert Clifton Chadwick recorded specimens (as parvi- 

 cirra) from Ceylon. 



In 1908 I described as a new species Comanthus intricata based on a specimen 

 from Bowen, Queensland, in the Copenhagen Museum, which bore Liitken's manu- 

 script name Actinometra intricata. Misled by the allocation of intricata by Carpenter 

 and by Hartlaub, I said that this is not the Actinometra intricata of Liitken, 1874, 

 and following authors, "which is the Comatula rotalaria of Lamarck, 1816, of which 

 the Alecto parvicirra of Miiller, 1841, is a sj'nonym." 



I soon discovered that my Comanthus intricata is the same as Carpenter's Actino- 

 metra valida and that Carpenter's Actinometra littoralis is also a synonym of the latter, 

 and in my report on the crinoids of the Copenhagen Museum published in 1909 I 

 placed the type specimen of intricata under the heading Comanthus {Comanthus) valida. 

 In explaining this disposition of intricata I said that I was quite unable to find any 

 valid characters by which intricata may be distinguished from the previously described 

 valida, and remarked that I had been misled by the fact that Carpenter made valida 

 the type of a special group, the Valida group, apart from the Parvicirra group into 

 which intricata obviously falls. 



When I described intricata I had not yet discovered that the Valida group is 

 composed of 4 supposed species 3 which are synonymous with parvicirra of the Par- 

 vicirra group, while the fourth is synonymous with my intricata and, as shown by 

 some specimens received just after intricata was described which had been dredged 

 by the Albatross in the Philippines, also with Carpenter's littoralis of the Parvicirra 

 group. 



In this same paper under the heading Comanthus (Comanthus) rotalaria [ = Coman- 

 thus parvicirra] I recorded a specimen from Tonga Tvith 34 arms, 1 from Fiji with 

 38 arms, and 1 fiom Singapore with 41 arms which are evidently timorensis. 



In 1910 I examined the type of Carpenter's Actinometra meyeri at Hamburg and 

 of Bell's Actinometra annulata and Carpenter's Actinometra valida at London and 

 found that they all represented the same species, which was the same as that repre- 

 sented by my Comanthus intricata. 



In my memoir on the crinoids of Australia published m 1911, 1 included all of 

 these under the heading Comanthus {Vania) annulata, at the same time describing 

 2 immature individuals from Port Denison, and recording 2 specimens in the United 

 States National Museum from Torres Strait. A complete account of this species, 

 so far as concerns Australia, and an annotated synonymy was given. 



In a report on the crinoids collected by the Hamburg southwest Australia expe- 

 dition in 1905, which was also published in 191 1, 1 described a specimen from station 26 



