CEPHALOPODS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 5 



In considering the known species of Philippine cephalopods, de 

 Elera's list is omitted from our discussion inasmuch as the identities 

 are in doubt and we are unable to verify them because no distinguish- 

 ing characters were given. The names of species as given by the 

 various authors previously mentioned (including de Elera) are listed 

 below, together with their modern equivalents. 



Name by previous author Modem equivalent 



Nautilus pompilius Nautilus pompilius 



Spirula peronii Spirula spirula 



Sepia torosa Sepia pharaonis 



S. papuensis S. papuensis 



Inioteuthis rossiaeformis llnioteuthis rossiaeformia 



Eupryvma berryi lEuprymna herryi 



Idiosepius pygmaeus Idiosepius pygmaeus 



Rossia subalata ?Loligo sumatrensis 



Loligo galatheae L. duvauceli 



L. indica ?L. etheridgei 



Uroteuthis bartschi Uroteuthis bartschi 



Onychoteuthis banksi Onychoteuthis banksi 



Octopus niveua Octopus niveus 



0. aculeatus 0. niveus 



0. rugosus 10. vulgaris 



0. granulatus lOctopus sp. 



Argonauta boettgeri Argonauta boettgeri 



A. oweni A. boettgeri 



A. compressa A. argo 



A, gondola A. Mans 



A. hians A. hians 



Certain species in this corrected Ust seem in doubt because of the 

 uncertainty of the identifications or the brevity of the descriptions. 

 Among those that appear to me to be unworthy of inclusion are 

 Spirula spirula, based on shells alone, Euprymna berryi whose identity 

 can easily be confused with other closely related species, and Inio- 

 teuthis rossiaeformis which I consider on present knowledge to be an 

 imcertain species. Rossia subalata {=1 Loligo sumatrensis) has never 

 been verified and could be anything, while Loligo etheridgei, from the 

 standpoint of the discussion in the systematic section of this paper, 

 may be L. edulis. The identity of Octopus granulatus is problematical. 

 In summary, only 11 species can be said to be known with certainty 

 from the Phihppine area prior to this report. 



Relationships of the Philippine Fauna 



The Philippine cephalopod fauna is very diversified and contains 

 elements from most of the areas of the Indo-Pacific. Little of a 

 definitive nature can be given without a great deal more study. There 

 are no endemic families or genera, and little reliance can be placed 



