CEPHALOPODS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 7 



The following distinctive species, according to our present knowl- 

 edge, are members of the Indo-Malayan province: 



Sepia papuensis Uroteuthis bartschi 



S. recurvirostris Doryteuthis singhalensis 



Inioteuihis maculosa Abralia armata 



Idiosepius pygmaeus Cistopus indicus 



Abralia armata probably wUl be foimd over much of the Indo- 

 Pacific area when more thorough collecting has been done, but the 

 others, belonging to the Sepioidea and the mj-opsid teuthoids, again 

 tend to be more restricted in distribution. 



If to these Indo-Malayau species we add the endemic species, whose 

 closest relations are wdth the Indo-Malayan species, it is apparent that 

 the cephalopods of the Philippines have strong affinities with the 

 Indo-Malayan faunal province, and most workers have agreed that 

 the archipelago is part of this province. Certainly the cephalopod 

 fauna shows strong Indo-Malayan affinities but at the same time it 

 shares five species exclusively with Japan: 



Sepia esculenta Sepiolina nipponensis 



S. andreana Loligo edulis 



Rossia bipapillata 



Adam (1954) discussed the possibility that Loligo edulis may be the 

 end of a cline with L. etheridgei Berry from Australia at the other end. 

 At present, for reasons given in the systematic section (p. 70), I prefer 

 to keep them separate. Rossia bipapillata is a questionable species 

 that may be a geographical variant of Chun's R. mastigophora which 

 has a wide distribution. Sepia esculenta^ S. andreana and Sepiolina 

 nipponensis appear to be restricted to Japan and the Philippines. 



Much more collecting is needed in the Philippine Islands before the 

 zoogeogTaphical picture can be completed. Differences and distribu- 

 tion within the archipelago can only be worked out with intensive 

 collecting and statistical treatment of large series of specimens. 



Fisheries 



The people of the Philippine Islands have long eaten octopus, squid, 

 and cuttlefish, and these animals are found in fish markets in Manila 

 and in the other towns and villages of the archipelago. Bartsch 

 (1917), who accompanied the Albatross on the Philippine expedition, 

 has given the interesting account of an octopus hunt by torchhght 

 quoted below. 



The simplest method, probably, is that used by the Filipinos. Well do I recall 

 my first octopus hunt with them in the southern islands. It was a dark night. 

 The good ship Albatross lay peacefully at anchor some half mile off a Moro village, 

 whose dim outline was faintly silhouetted against the sky. We had just finished 



