22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 23 4 



anteriorly. There is a low median ridge bordered by a shallow groove, 

 with a slightly angled ridge on each side. The calcareous section is 

 bordered by a clear area. The papillated ridges are concentrically 

 arranged. The ventral side of the shell is concave posteriorly, convex 

 from the midpoint anteriorly. The striated area extends to slightly 

 beyond the midpoint and is V-shaped with the apex rounded. The 

 hindmost section has almost straight sides and is well rounded 

 posteriorly. The inner cone originates just posterior to the middle 

 of the shell, with very narrow limbs, but posteriorly becomes greatly 

 thickened, forming a rounded callosity of some size. The spine is 

 small. 



No males were available. 



The sculpture is very noticeable in one specimen, consisting of a 

 series of short high ridges along the bases of the fins, scattered large 

 papillae on the dorsum of the mantle, and a few papillae behind the 

 eyes. 



The color, in preservation, is dark reddish brown dorsally with 

 fins lighter and a generally yellowish hue ventrally. 



Measurements and indices of four females of Sepia pharaonis 



Type. — Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. 



Type locality. — Egypt, Red Sea. 



Discussion. — This species was apparently first recorded from the 

 Philippines by Sasaki (1929) as S. torosa; he confused three species, 

 S. torosa, S. formosana, and S. tigris, listing them from Japan and 

 Formosa. Adam (1939b) placed all three under the synonymy of 

 S. rouxii d'Orbigny; in a later paper (1941), he demonstrated that 

 S. rouxii is identical with S. pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831, which has 

 priority. This species may easily be recognized by the small suckers 

 on the lobes of the buccal membrane and the enlarged median suckers 

 of the tentacular club. The callosity of the inner cone alone is 

 distinctive. 



