CEPHALOPODS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 165 



Because of the very small eyes in some of the young specimens, 

 they were at first considered to belong to 0. microphthalmus. How- 

 ever, the sucker index of the Mansalay specimens ran slightly in 

 excess of 10 (average 11) while that of microphthalmus is less than 10, 

 and the gill count was 10 to 11, against 7 to 9 in the latter species. 



No water pores could be demonstrated in the sixteen specimens 

 available, despite repeated detailed examination. With the added 

 evidence of the well-developed ligula, the specimens cannot be in- 

 cluded in Cistopus indicus. 



Whether the specimens are macropus is another matter. In general, 

 the bodies are too round and sacular and the ligulas too small, in 

 comparison with western Atlantic specimens. 



Several species of octopus in Japanese waters have long first arms 

 (Sasaki, 1929). I have not considered these because Sasaki described 

 no species very comparable to the present and because data in the 

 present volume show that the Philippines have in general the same 

 benthic and shallow-water fauna as Indo-Malaya, but not the same 

 as Japan. As a result I have identified the present specimens as 

 Octopus macropus. 



Distribution. — In tropical and warm temperate seas throughout 

 the world. Philippines! 



Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 



Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, p. 380.-d'Orbigny, 1839, p. 46 (as rugosus). 



No specimens from the Philippines are available to me. Robson 

 (1929) listed under his rugosus a record of Hoyle (1885a, p. 80) of 

 granulatus, but Hoyle was merely quoting d'Orbigny. D'Orbigny 

 stated that M. Perottet found granulatus in abundance at Manila, 

 but whether they were actually vulgaris must remain in doubt. 



Type. — Not traced. 



Type locality. — Not traced. 



Distribution. — Cosmopolitan in all but cold seas. 



Cistopus indicus (Orbigny, 1840) 



Octopus indicus Orbigny, 1840, p. 24, pL 26. 



Cistopus indicus, Gray, 1849, p. 20. — Robson, 1929, p. 182. 



Material. — 299, ML 54.0-88.0 mm., Cavite market, June 14, 

 1908 (specimens in poor condition, partly macerated). ? 19, ML 

 90.0 mm., from fishermen at Mahinog, Camiguin Id., Aug. 3, 1909. 

 ? ScTcf, ML 22.0-80.0 mm., 499, ML 24.0-38.0 mm., Mahinog, 

 Camiguin Id., Aug. 3, 1909. 



Description. — Of the twelve specimens noted above, only the two 



