forming an equal number ot narrow ridges, the friction of which 

 gives the leather the desired inequahty of surface. 



The process for the real Morocco leather, as prepared from 

 goatskins at Fez and Tetuan, is thus described by M. Broussonet. 

 The skins are first cleansed, the hair taken off, limed, and reduced 

 with bran nearly in the way already described for the English 

 morocco leather. After coming from the bran they are thrown 

 into a second bath made of white figs mixed with water, which is 

 thereby rendered slimy and fermentable. In this bath the skins 

 remain four or five days, when they are thoroughly salted with 

 salgem, or rock salt alone, after which they are fit to receive the 

 dye, which for the red is cochineal and alum, and for the yellow, 

 pomegranate bark and alum. The skins are then tanned, dressed, 

 supplied with a little oil, and dried. 



Much excellent leather, and of various colours, is manufac- 

 tured in different parts of Russia; of which, the processes are 

 given in Mr. Tooke's "View of the Russian Empire," Vol. IIL 

 The saffian, or manoquin, which is prepared largely at Astracan, 

 is manufactured only from the skins of goats and bucks; the 

 usual colours of these are red and yellow. The shagreen, which 

 is also manufactured at Astracan, consists of hides of horses, 

 and asses; but of these only a small part is used, cut from the 

 crupper-line along the back about thirty-four inches upon the 

 crupper, and twenty-eight along the back. The chief dyes of 

 shagreen are green, blue, and black. 



Various processes have been invented to render leather for shoes 

 and boots water-tight, which is effected by an additional dressing 

 with an oily or resinous matter: the following recipe is said to be 

 effectual. One pound of linseed-oil; half a pound of mutton suet; 

 six ounces of beeswax, and four of resin, are to be melted, thorough- 

 ly incorporated, and applied, while warm, to the upper-leather 

 and the soles. 



The Work of the Currier in 1836 



(From Edward Hazen, The Panorama of Projessions and Trades, pp. 67-70.) 



1. It is the business of the currier to dress the thinner kinds of 

 leather, which he procures from the tanner in an unfinished state. 

 In most cases, in the United States, except in and near large cities, 

 the business of tanning and currying are usually united in the same 



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