the course of the years his business prospered to such a degree 

 that he hired from ten to twelve apprentices at one time. Some 

 of the leading American 18th-century clockmakers served appren- 

 ticeships with Harland. In 1802 his newspaper notice stated that 

 he had for sale "Surveyors Compasses, with agate centre needles; 

 chains and Protractors . . . ."^^ 



A most interesting instrument that has recently come to light 

 is a brass sundial made in Philadelphia in 1764. The dial, about 

 lOK inches in diameter, is signed by the maker, "Daniel Jay 

 Philad''. fecit." It is dated 1764 and inscribed with the name 

 of the person for whom it was made, "James Pemberton." In the 

 center is "Lat. 40," which coincides with the latitude for Phila- 

 delphia. The style of the dial is very much in the English tradition 

 of the period, indicating that Jay was probably an emigrant trained 

 in England. 



Post-Revolutionary Immigrant Makers 



A large proportion of the English craftsmen who came to the 

 American Colonies after the Revolution settled in Philadelphia. 

 There was John Gould for instance, a mathematical instrument 

 maker from London who had opened a shop at 47 Water Street 

 by 1794. He sold nautical, surveying, and optical instruments 

 as well as mirrors, presumably all imported from England. He 

 moved to 70 South Front Street "At the Sign of the Quadrant" 

 in 1 796. He was succeeded in business in 1 798 by Thomas Whitney, 

 another emigrant from London. Whitney made and sold instru- 

 ments (see fig. 85) in Gould's former shop, and featured also a 

 vast array of department store merchandise. John Whitney, 

 who may have been his son, was listed at the same address in 

 the Philadelphia directory of 1801 as a "Mathematical Instru- 

 ment Maker and Optician." ^^ 



In the Philadelphia directory and register for 1821 Thomas 

 Whitney advertised that he 



. . . presents his sincere thanks to his friends and the public and respect- 

 fully soliciting the continuation of their favors, wishes to inform them that 

 he has devoted his attention principally to the making of surveying com- 



'^ Penrose R. Hoopes, Connecticut Clockmakers of the Eighteenth Century 

 (New York: Dodd Mead & Co., 1930), p. 86; The Norwich Courier, February 10, 

 1802. 



^^ Harrold E. Gillingham, "Some Early Philadelphia Instrument Makers," 

 The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1927), vol. 51, no. 3, p. 

 303-305. 



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