454 



UNITED STATES NATIONAL MTJSEXnM BITLLETIN 224 



medial apical bristles. This tibia has 3 dorsomedial, 4 

 dorsolateral, 2 ventrolateral bristles, the apex with 1 

 dorsal, 2 lateral, 2 medial, 1 ventral bristle. Middle 

 femur with 3 anterior, 5 posterior, and 2 additional 

 posterior bristles at the apex, but no dorsal, no anterior 

 bristles except rarely 1 distal element, also there are 4 

 posterior, 2 posteroventral, and 3 anteroventral bristles. 

 Anterior femur with 3 ventral bristles on the basal half ; 

 the tibia has 2 short dorsal and 2 to 3 long, stout poster- 

 oventral bristles. Basitarsus short ; not as long as the 

 succeeding 2 segments; claws long, quite slender and 

 sharp; the pulvilli is well developed; the empodiiun 

 slender but bladelike. 



"Wings: The wings are distinctly shorter than the 

 abdomen; marginal cell closed with a comparatively 

 short stalk ; the subcostal cell is extremely narrow, the 

 marginal cell relatively wide. The anterior branch of 

 the third vein ends characteristically well above the 

 wing apex, and may rarely be carried back to join the 

 second vein, or is usually disconnected basally for a 

 short distance; in any case there is a well developed 

 crossvein connecting it to the tliird branch of the radius 

 with a well developed appendiculate stump vem beyond 

 the crossvein in those cases where the anterior branch 

 fails to join the second vein. The appendiculate stump 

 is present in the type of genus and in Apoclea femoralis, 

 micracantha and helvipes but the anterior branch of 

 third vein is complete in Apoclea continuata and in an 

 undetermined species from Baluchistan. First posterior 

 cell usually open, sometimes closed and quite variable ; 

 of the material studied it is open in Apoclea micracan- 

 tha, helvipes and continuata but closed and stalked or 

 narrowly open in Apoclea algira and femoralis. Mar- 

 ginal cell widened in both sexes, but the costa not ex- 

 panded; however, the wing anteriorly is strongly 

 rippled. Villi absent; fourth posterior cell closed and 

 stalked, gently convex on all 3 sides. The veins at the 

 end of the second basal cell are fused for a short dis- 

 tance beyond in most species. Anal cell closed ; alula 

 large, ambient vein complete. 



Abdomen: The abdomen is comparatively slender 

 at the base and not quite as wide as the mesonotum and 

 rather strongly tapered. Pile of the abdomen fine, short 

 and flat appressed throughout in the males but becom- 

 ing erect though scanty on the female terminalia. 

 Sides of first tergite with a large tuft of long, dense 

 pile, and 5 or 6 stout bristles. In the males laterally 

 and transversely there is a row of bristles set well back 

 from the posterior margin. In the males in the type of 

 genus there are 5 pairs on the sides of the second and 

 third tergites, 4 on the fourth and fifth and 2 on the 

 sixth and 1 on the seventh tergite; in these females such 

 bristles are absent and only the first tergal bristles and 

 the 3 middle bristles of the second tergite are present. 

 In the males eight tergites are present, the eighth from 

 a little more to a little less than half as long as the 

 seventh. In the females seven tergites are present ; the 

 long eighth segment is incorporated within the ovi- 

 positor. The male terminalia large, the superior forceps 



large, completely separated but closely apposed and 

 from lateral aspect completely dominating the ter- 

 minalia. Female terminalia subcylindrical, tapered 

 at the same rate as the previous tergites; the eighth 

 segment is longer than the preceding segment and 3 

 times as long as the ninth ; at the apex characteristically 

 there are 2 or 3 transverse rows of long, strong, up- 

 turned spines of somewhat varying length; each row 

 contains 3 or 4 sharply pointed spines. 



This genus is a dominant element in the North Afri- 

 can, Arabian, and Asia Minor regions. A few species 

 are described from both India and Central Africa. 



Distribution: Palaearctic: Apoclea alhipila Becker 

 in Becker and Stein (1913) ; algira Linne (1767) [ = 

 aberrans Schiner (1867), alginis Fabricius (1787) Zap- 

 sus,deformis'WiiYk&v (1871), /t/scana Macquart (1838), 

 mivata Walker ( 1871 ) , pallida Macquart ( 1838 ) , vegeta 

 "Wiedemann (1828)]; approx'imata Becker (1907); 

 arahica Becker (1909); autumnalis Becker (1909); 

 conicera Loew (1856) ; continuata Becker (1908) ; fe- 

 moralis "Wiedemann (1828) [ = aperta Becker (1908), 

 helva "Wiedemann (1828), illustris Schiner (1867)]; 

 helvipes Loew (1873) , micracantha Loew (1856) , pluri- 

 setosa Becker (1909) ; trivialis Loew (1873). 



Ethiopian: Apoclea heteroclita "Wulp (1899); in- 

 /Mscato"Wulp (1889). 



Oriental: Apoclea indica Bromley (1935). 



"Verrall (1909), Engel (1925), and Efflatoun (1934), 

 credit the species Apoclea algira to Fabricius, 1794. 

 These authors have evidently followed an error of 

 "Wiedemann, (1828), who credited this species to Fa- 

 bricius in his heading (page 461), but in fine print be- 

 low gives proper prior credit to Linne. 



Genus Bisapoclea Becker 



Bisapoclea Becker, Ent. Mitt, vol. 14, p. 76, 1925. Type of 

 genus: Bisapoclea duplicata Becker, 1925, by original 

 designation. 



The following is Becker's description in translation : 



As the name already indicates this genus is closely related 

 to Apoclea Macquart, and is also somewhat larger and darker 

 colored and is moderately pilose and bristled. It is a slender 

 species of the habitus of Phitodicus with slender, not bristly 

 abdomen. The thorax is very short pilose ; immediately before 

 the scutelUim there stand on each side 4 black, dorsocentral 

 bristles, sometimes in double rows ; the scutellum is covered 

 on its entire surface with white, erect, bristly hair. The head 

 is about as broad as the thorax ; front and face broad, densely 

 haired. The antennae stand closely together, in form and size 

 as in Apoclea; the third segment is like an onion, not much 

 longer than broad with a bare terminal arista of the length 

 of the antennae. Abdomen delicately haired, without bristles, 

 with 7 segments ; the ovipositor consists of three parts and 

 bears on the apex 6 black bristles. Legs relatively slender; 

 there are moderately strong bristles present, stronger on the 

 tarsi. Wings short, with 3 submarginal cells; the super- 

 numerary crossvein is placed not very far from the base of 

 the fork of the veins, approximately half the distance of the 

 supernumerary crossvein from the usual crossvein; the latter 

 stands somewhat before the middle of the discal cell. 



