582 



UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 24 



entirely absent. Claspers are present and also paralobi. 

 Female temiinalia rather slender but nearly cylindri- 

 cal; the eighth segment is almost as long as or quite 

 as long as the seventh ; the ninth segment is very short 

 and free terminal proctiger is comparatively long but 

 with only fine pile. 



The genera Heligmoneura Bigot and NeoTnoctherus 

 Osten Sacken are easily confused. In both genera the 

 face lacks any true gibbosity, such as seen in moderate 

 extent in Epitriptus Loew and in marked extent in 

 Machimus Loew. This special type of shortened and 

 reduced face, which drops like a chute, is also found in 

 Cerdistus Loew, which, while a source of confusion 

 with respect possibly to Neomoctherus, can never con- 

 fuse determinations with respect to Heligmoneura. 

 Kertesz (1909) in his catalog combined Heliginoneura 

 with the old genus MoctJierus Loew, now known as 

 A^eoTTioc^Aen/s Osten Sacken, and Engel (1927) did like- 

 wise. 



Actually, Heligmoneura is not related to Neovwc- 

 therus but to a small complex of interesting genera, 

 whose home is in Asia and all of which are distin- 

 guished by the large, clublike, complex male terminalia, 

 with deep fissures in the superior forceps. These con- 

 geners are Cinadus Wulp, with subgenera Haplonota 

 Frey, GJiaetogonophora, new subgenus, OUgoschema 

 Becker, and Orophotus Becker. I have had the privi- 

 lege of studying types of "Wulp's sjiecies and specimens 

 of the type of genus of Heligmoneura modesta Bigot 

 from the British Museum (Natural History) as well as 

 the type of Haplonota elegans Frey, besides types of 

 other material of Orophotus and OUgoschema. These 

 genera have been fully characterized here in their re- 

 spective prefaces. I must point out that a careful re- 

 view of species is required in many instances before it 

 can be established that all species in these several 

 genera are properly assigned. 



Engel (1927) treated ZZeZe'^moneura briefly, figuring 

 Heligmoneura modesta Bigot and placing only three 

 African species in the genus. I have accepted these 

 three species as certainly belonging in this genus; in 

 this same paper Engel refers to other species from the 

 Indomalayan region, Philippines without naming them 

 or indicating that he has seen them. I believe that he 

 has confused, in this last instance, the species of Cina- 

 dus Wulp, which do, indeed, resemble Heligmoneura 

 very closely, but are separable in three particulars. 

 Since I have seen but few of the species assigned in the 

 past to these genera, I have been obliged to leave them 

 provisionally in the genus to wliich they have been 

 previously assigned. I have indicated those species that 

 I have seen and checked. 



It may be stated that Neomoctherus is an imrelated 

 Palaearctic genus. North African species placed in 

 Heligmoneura probably belong in Neomoctherus, or 

 possibly in Cerdistus Loew or in Cinadus Wulp. Cina- 

 dus does occur in Africa. About 22 species of Helig- 

 moneura from the continent of Africa have been placed 

 in either Heligmoneura or Neomoctlierus. The species 

 from central Africa or South Africa, apart from the 3 



true species of Heligmoneura which are Heligmoneura 

 Tnodesta, insularis and laevis, almost certainly belong 

 in Cinadus Wulp, and in some cases in Cerdistus Loew. 



Distribution: Palaearctic: Helig7noneura hrevipen- 

 nisSeguy (1932). 



Ethiopian: Heligmoneura insularis Engel (1927); : 

 laevis Engel (1927) ; madagascarensis Bromley (1942) ; 

 medianus Bromley (1930) ; modesta Bigot (1858) ; 

 nuda Bezzi (1906) / rothJcirchi Speiser (1913). ■ 



Oriental: Heligmoneura dehilis Walker (1856); | 

 ■jiagrans Walker (1857) ; forcipatus de Meijere (1915) ; 

 genitalis Edwards (1919); pulcher Eicardo (1922); _ 

 trisignata HicsixdiO (1922). I 



Australian: Heligmoneura hiligatus Walker (1864) ; 

 complens Walker (1861) ; didymoides Walker (1864) ; 

 laevis Walker (1861) ; ruftpes de Meijere (1913). 



Genus OUgoschema Becker 



FiGUEES 208, 321, 769, 1544, 1552, 2223, 2232, 2265, 2367, 2380, 2500 



OUgoschema Becker, Ent. Mitt, voL 14, p. 135, 1925. Type of 

 genus: OUgoscJiema nuda Becker, 1925, by monotypy. 



Eather large flies, short pilose with the bristles strong 

 but reduced in niunber. The face is narrow but wider 

 below and rather strongly produced. It begins to rise 

 at the base of the antenna and reaches its maximum ele- 

 vation at or above the middle of the face but never 

 abruptly. The face is more extensive than in other 

 closely related genera. The metanotal slopes are 

 densely pilose; the tergites bear distinct posterolateral 

 bristles, and the male terminalia is quite large. These 

 flies are distinctly related to Heligmoneura Bigot, from 

 which they are separated by the well developed gono- 

 pod and hypandriimi as well as the more extensive face 

 with bristles and pile reaching nearly or quite to the 

 antemia. They are less closely related to Cinadus 

 Wulp. Length 18 to 22 mm. 



Head, lateral aspect: The face is strongly produced 

 and comparatively narrow; the lateral portions of the 

 face therefore steep. The facial gibbosity begins to 

 rise immediately beneath the antemia and reaches its 

 maximum elevation at the middle of the face, and never 

 abruptly. Eye strongly convex anteriorly, plane over 

 most of the posterior profile but strongly recessive an- 

 teroventrally on the lower eighth. The occiput is thick 

 throughout, obliterated only quite close to the vertex, 

 less prominent ventrally and in the middle. The pile 

 of the occiput is rather abimdant but fine and compara- 

 tively short; bristles are present only at the upper 

 third of the head where there are 10 pairs of compara- 

 tively slender bristles. The proboscis is slender, nearly 

 cylindrical, slightly tapered above and below on the 

 outer foui'th, actually slightly narrowed on the sub- 

 apical fourth; the apex bears several, rather long, 

 bristly hairs on each side. The base ventrally has a 

 number of exceptionally fine, long haii-s. Proboscis di- 

 rected obliquely forward and a little downward. Pal- 



