2 BULLETIX 111, UXITED STATES XATIOXAL MUSEUM. 



During the decade from 1S40 to 1850 five undoubtedly valid 

 American species were added to Guilding's accepted two. These 

 were Orbigny's B. antiUarum, D. disparile, and D. dominguensis 

 (Cadulus) 1846, from Antillean shores, excellently figured in his 

 report upon the moUiisks in Sagra's Natural Histors' of Cuba; 

 Philippi's D. texasianum from Galveston, 1848, and Conrad's D. 

 eboreum, 1846, from Tampa. These are all from definite localities, 

 Philippi's specimens having been sent him b}' Roemer. 



About this time ("1840-1850) there was considerable activity 

 among students of the molluscan fauna of New England. Gould 

 published his Invertebrates of Massachusetts in 1841, in which he 

 referred a New England Dentalium to the Dentalium dentale of Lin- 

 naeus, and two years later Mighels, in another list of New England 

 shells, added D. entale of Linnaeus. Both these names were destined 

 to be cast aside and restored many times by subsequent writers, who 

 believed or not that these American shells v. ere merely western 

 examples of the Earopean species of Linnaeus. 



In 1850, then, there were eight positively known species of Scap- 

 hopods from the western Atlantic, two of which were regarded as 

 identical with European forms. The following year, William Stimp- 

 son published his Shells of New England, in which he disposed of 

 D. dentale Linnaeus as an American species, in favor of iiis own D. 

 occidentale. The species already referred to by Mighels as entale 

 linnaeus he redescribed the same year as D. striolatum, as he doubted 

 the identity of the American and the European shells. 



From 1851 to 1879 there were no direct additions to the short 

 American Scaphopod list. In 1860 Sowerby published a monograph 

 of the Dentalia in his Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Among the new 

 species therein described three are of interest to us, as having been 

 accepted later on as identical with American forms. These are D. 

 ■filum. D . fistula, and Siphonodentalium lohatuia. In 1870 Jeffreys 

 published D. gracile Dnd in 1877, Cadulus cyUndratus, and D. ensi- 

 culus (from European waters), species later considered as also Ameri- 

 can moUusks. All these six species are northeastern Atlantic. 



The first large and impor-tant addition to our Scaphopod list came 

 in 1879 as a result of the work of the Challenger. Doctor Boog 

 Watson published in that year in the Journal of the Linnean Society 

 a preliminary descriptive list of Scaphopoda (among others) obtained 

 by that famous expedition (1872-1876). AH the new American 

 species described therein were obtained from four Challenger stations 

 only, located between Prince Edward Islands on the north and 

 Fernando Noronha on the south, ami in depth from 25 to 450 fathoms. 

 In 1885 these various species were repu]>lished and figured in Wat- 

 son's massive report upon the Challenger Scaphopods and Gastero- 

 pods. For care and fidelity in description and in the thoroughness 



