BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF VINCENTOWN LIMESAND 47 



elliptical ; the distal border of the peristome is thick and bears spines. 

 The ovicell is hyperstomial, buried in the distal zooecium, not closed 

 by the operculum. Some avicularia, often primoserial, are irregu- 

 larly placed between the zooecia. The ancestrula is a small ordinary 

 zooecium or an ancestrular one. 

 Measurements. — 



„ . \Lz = 0.45-0.5 mm. Apertura(Aa=0.07 mm. 



Zooecium^ , ~ OK , , . A 7 A -. 



1 /.2 = 0.35 mm. (exterior)| la=0.1 mm. 



6 or 7 zooecia in 1 sq. mm. 



Structure. — The arched arrangement of the apertural bar in front 

 and at the level of the orifice of the ovicell indicates clearly that the 

 opercular valve operated below these two organs and had no relation 

 with the exterior. Under these conditions the true ectocyst was 

 placed under the frontal in which the spines form thus a pericyst. 

 This is exactly the structure we have noted in Lagynopora americana. 

 It is very different from that of Distansescharella and Pliophloea, 

 in which the ectocyst surrounds the frontal. These differences are 

 so fundamental that we cannot recognize the family Andrioporidae 

 with the characters given by Lang in 1921. 



Lang considered that the granules which limited the central area 

 of fusion are the upturned original distal ends of the costae. 



This is the largest of the known species of the genus. The 

 avicularia are triangular, with or without a pivot; the beak is very 

 salient in front of the zooecial plane. 



Occurrence. — Vincentown limesand: Very rare near Blackwoods- 

 town and at Vincentown, N.J. 



Cotypes.—V.S.'NM. No. 73898. 



Genus DISTANSESCHARELLA D'Orbigny, 1852 



DISTANSESCHARELLA PUMILA Gabb and Horn, 1862 



Plate 10, Figures 4-5 



1862. Cellcpora pumila Gabb and Horn, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 126, pi. 19, fig. 8. 

 1907. Mucronella pumila (part) Ulrich and Bassler, in Weller, Geol. Surv. 



New Jersey, Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 355, pi. 26, fig. 17 (not 16) 



(bibliography). 



Description. — The zoarium encrusts Coscinopleura or the debris 

 of shells. The zooecia are distinct, separated by a deep furrow, very 

 small, elongated, somewhat fusiform ; the frontal is convex, smooth, 

 glossy, bordered with minute tubercles; the costules are numerous, 

 delicate, closely joined together, and have a longitudinal keel. The 

 aperture is small, terminal; two small cardelles, placed very low. 

 separate a large semicircular anter from a small rectilinear poster; 

 the peristome is thick, complete, salient, the apertural bar being 



