INTRODUCTION. XXXV 



quill the longest. Legs moderately long, slender, lower part of tibia naked ; 

 three toes in front, divided to their origin ; one toe behind, small, and articu- 

 lated upon the tarsus (p. 579). 



Caliuris, Illiger. — Bill as long as the head, straight, slender, flexible, com- 

 pressed at the base, with the point dilated and smooth. Nostrils basal, 

 lateral, narrow, longitudinally cleft in the nasal furrow, which extends to the 

 smooth point of the beak. Wings of moderate length, pointed, the first 

 quill the longest. Tail of twelve feathers, short, doubly emarginated. Legs 

 rather short, naked for some distance above the tarsal joint. Three toes 

 only ; all directed forwards, with a very small connecting membrane at 

 their base (p. 597). 



Machetes, Cuvier. — Bill straight, rather slender, as long as the head, with the 

 tip dilated and smooth ; upper mandible laterally sulcated for four-fifths of 

 its length ; culmen rounded. Nostrils basal, lateral, linear, placed in the 

 commencement of the groove. Wings long and pointed, the first quill the 

 longest. Legs moderate, the tibia naked for a considerable space above the 

 tarsal joint. Toes, three before and one behind ; the outer toe united to the 

 middle one by a small web ; hind toe short, barely touching the ground. 

 During the breeding-season the head and neck of the male are adorned with 

 long plumes, which, when raised, form a large ruff around the head, and the 

 face is covered with small fleshy warts or papilla; (p. 599). 



Tringites, Cabanis. — Bill shorter than the head, slender, straight, decurved, 

 acute and hardened at the tip ; nasal groove long ; nostrils basal, linear, 

 rather large. Gape extensive. Wings pointed, the first quill the longest. 

 Tail rounded, with projecting central feathers. Legs moderate, slender, the 

 tibia bare for a considerable distance ; tarsus compressed, slender, scutellated, 

 anterior toes free nearly to their bases ; hind toe small, elevated ; claws small, 

 arched, slender, slightly acute (p. 601). 



Bartramia, Lesson. — Bill scarcely longer than the head, moderately slender, 

 straight, the nasal groove extending nearly to the tip, which is narrowed but 

 obtuse ; nostrils linear, basal. Gape very wide and deep. Wings not 

 reaching to the end of the tail, pointed ; the first quill the longest, the inner 

 secondaries rather elongated. Tail of twelve feathers, long, much rounded. 

 Legs rather long and slender, the tibia bare for a considerable distance ; 

 tarsus scutellated ; toes, three in front, long and slender, a slight web between 

 the outer and the middle ; hind toe elevated (p. 603). 



ToTANUS, Becksteiii. — Bill longer than the head, straight or very slightly recurved, 

 soft at the base, hard, solid at the point, compressed throughout the whole 

 length, ending in a sharp point; both mandibles grooved at the base, 

 the extreme end of the upper mandible slightly bent towards the under 

 one. Nostrils lateral, linear, pierced longitudinally in a groove. Wings 

 moderate ; the first quill the longest ; inner secondaries elongated. Tail 

 rather short ; somewhat rounded. Legs moderate or long, slender, naked 

 above the tarsal joint ; three toes in front, one behind ; the middle toe united 

 to the outer toe by a membrane (p. 605). 



Macrorhami'HUS, Ixach. — Bill long, straight, rounded, rather slender in the 

 middle, the tip dilated, slightly incurved and rugose. Nostrils lateral, basal. 

 Wings long and pointed. Tail of twelve feathers. Lower part of the tibia 



