158 UNITED STATES NATIONAL IMUSEUM BULLETIN 251 



branchial aperture pigmented dark purplish black, ventral side of 

 anterior half of body also stained fairly deeply in same color. Trans- 

 verse vessels and both sides of endostyle also pigmented. Atrial 

 aperture opens slightly posterior to middle of dorsal side of body. 

 Stigmatal rows 17-19 on right, 18-20 on left side; all rows reach 

 median line dorsally, last row rudimentary. Stigmata arranged 

 (D=dorsal, V=ventral) : D 6-8 (1) 4-5 (1) 5 (1) 6 V. Tentacles 

 about 8, ciliated groove an elongated elliptical aperture (fig. 62c). 

 Alimentary canal comparatively small. Posterior half of stomach 

 exposed beyond posterior margin of branchial sac; stomach orange, 

 with 11 longitudinal plications on surface. Pyloric caecum elongated, 

 arrangement of vessels near caecum unique (fig. 626?). Middle intes- 

 tine remarkably long, covered with faintly pigmented epithelium, 

 passes to whitish intestine, forming a sharp angle at junction. Proxi- 

 mal part of intestine fairly swollen. Anterior margin of intestinal 

 loop reaches 14th transverse vessel. Second intestinal loop rather 

 distinct, axis passes through esophageal region. Anus opens at level 

 of 12th transverse vessel, plainly margined. Small testis in ventral 

 half of each side, situated at level of 13th stigmatal row, consisting of 

 three lobules in earlier stages. 



Remarks. — Zooids of the present specimen are larger than those of 

 typical BotryUoides tyreum^ which are up to 2 mm. in length, while 

 the alimentary canal seems to be comparatively smaller in the present 

 specimen than in the typical form. These differences are, however, 

 not to be considered of a special significance. 



78. BotryUoides violaceus Oka 



Figure 63 



BotryUoides violaceum Oka, 1927b, p. 608. — Tokioka, 1949a, p. 7, pL 3, figs. 5-6. — 

 Tokioka, 1951a, p. 10, fig. 8.— Tokioka, 1951b, p. 173.— Tokioka, 1953a, p. 241, 

 pi. 3, figs. 1-2; pi. 44, figs. 1-5; pi. 45, figs. 1-4. 



MATERIAL EXAMINED 



Japan: Hokkaido, Hakodate; E. S. Morse, coll. Two colonies (USNM 11693). 

 Palau Islands : Ngemelis Island, seaward reef flat ; GVF sta. 61. One colony 

 attached to coralline alga (USNM 11391). 



Description. — Two colonies from Japan and a small piece of colony 

 from the Palau Islands were examined. The Japanese specimens 

 are respectively 00 mm. X 25 mm. and 80 mm. X 35 mm. in extent and 

 2 mm. in thickness, and are encrusting gravels. They are reddish 

 brown; testicular follicles 4 to 9 in examined zooids; 9 plications on 

 stomach, besides typhlosolis. 



The Palau specimen is somewhat problematical. A small, 4 mm. 

 long piece, containing only three immature zooids about 2 mm. in 

 length, purplish brown in color, embedded in the test, each inclined 

 and opened to exterior independently. Very probably zooids open 

 to common cloacal canal of elongated systems when colony grows up 



