FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 55 



There are records of this genus running back to the Lower 

 Cretaceous. 



VEBNEUILINA SCABRA (WUliamson). 



Bulimina scabra Williamson, Rec. Forara. Great Britain, 1858, p. 65, pi. 5, figs. 

 136, 137 {B. arenacea on explanation of plate). 



Textularia scabra Fischer, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 27, 1870, p. 393, 

 no. 32. 



Verneuilina polystropha Parker and Jokes, Introd. Foram., Appendix, 1862, p. 

 311.— H. B. Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878, p. 436, pi. 20, 

 figs. 9a-c. — Balkwill and Wright, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 3, 

 1882, p. 447.— H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 

 386, pi. 47, figs. 15-17. — Balkwill and Wright, Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 

 vol. 28, 1885, p. 332.— H. B. Brady, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1887, p. 896.— 

 Wright, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1891, p. 472. — Robertson, 

 Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. 3, pt. 3, 1892, p. 240.— Goes, Kongl. 

 Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25, No. 9, 1894, p. 32, pi. 7, figs. 247-255.— 

 Whiteaves, Geol. Survey Canada, 1901, p. 10. — Earland, Journ. Quekett 

 Micr. Club, ser. 2, vol. 9, 1905, p. 206.— Cushman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., vol. 34, 1908, p. 27. — Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish 

 Acad., vol. 31, No. 64, 1913, p. 55, pi. 4, figs. 1-5; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 

 1916, p. 42; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. 11, 1916, p. 231. 



Textularia, var. V. polystropha Dawson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, 1870, p. 

 178; vol. 7, ser. 4, 1871, p. 88; Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, vol. 1, ser. 3, 1871, 

 p. 198. 



Description. — ^Test elongate, tapering, triserial, the apical end 

 bluntly rounded; chambers comparatively few, inflated; sutures dis- 

 tinct, depressed, wall coarsely arenaceous, surface slightly rough- 

 ened; aperture oval, at the base of the inner margin of the last-formed 

 chamber, in a depression formed at the junction of the three last- 

 formed chambers; color reddish-brown. 



Length up to 1 mm. 



Distribution.— This seems to be very common in shallow water 

 off the northern coast of Europe, especially about the British Isles. 

 There are records of its occurrence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 

 off the New England coast. It is evidently a species of cool northern 

 waters, but very rare on the American side of the Atlantic, and not 

 found at all on the southern Atlantic coast or in the Gulf of Mexico 

 or in the Caribbean. This may be the same species as that described 

 and figured by Scliultze as Polymorphina silicea,^'' but is evidently 

 not the same as Bulimina polystropha Reuss, which he described 

 from the Cretaceous. Heron-Allen and Earland in their Clare 

 Island Report mention that at a few stations " a minute variety 

 occurs in very small numbers, which we have observed at many 

 other localities where the larger type is abundant. It exactly 

 resembles the common types, but has normally only ono-eighth of 

 their size, though often possessing a greater number of chambers 

 than the larger specimens. The average length of these dwarf 



w Organ. Polythal., 1854, p. 61, pi. 6, figs. 10, 11. 



