A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 77 



included genera); Die Fauna Siidwest Australiens, vol. 4, Lief. 6, 1913, p. 311 (discussion and 

 comparison with the Himerometridae). — Springer and Clark, Zittel-Eastman's Paleontology, 

 1913, p. 236 (in Oligophreata) . — A. H. Clark, Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco, No. 294, 1914, 

 pp. 7, 8 (relation to temperature) ; Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1914, pp. 559-563 

 (correlation of geographic and bathymetrical ranges), p. 582 (relation to temperature). — 

 Alexander, Rec. Western Australian Mus., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1914, p. 108. — A. H. Clark, Rec. 

 Western Australian Mus., vol. l,pt. 3, 1914, p. 114 (species collected by the Endeavour in Western 

 Australia); Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 1915, pp. 126-134 (bathymetric range; 

 phylogenetic and paleontological significance); Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 40, 1915, p. 63 (recent 

 genera with fossil representatives, number of included species, recent and fossil, and their 

 geological, geographical, bathymetrical and thermal ranges), p. 67 (detailed discussion of the 

 bathymetrical range); Int. Rev. gesamt. Hydrobiol. und Hydrogr., 1915, p. 224 ff. (detailed 

 account of the distribution of Australian species); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 65, No. 10, 

 1915, p. 25 ff. (phylogenetic study). — H. L. Clark, Biol. Results Fishing Exper. F. I. S. En- 

 deavour, 1909-14, vol. 4, pt. 1, 1916, p. 21 (Oreometra a connecting link between this family and 

 the Calometridae, if not actually a member of the Zygometridae). — A. H. Clark, Unstalked 

 crinoids of the Siboga Exped., 1918, p. 59 (discussion of genera and species). — Gislen, Kungl. 

 Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 59, No. 4, 1919, p. 19. — A. H. Clark, Univ. Iowa Studies in 

 Nat Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, 1921, p. 13 (includes fossil and recent species), p. 14 (not represented 

 in the West Indies); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 72, No. 7, 1921, pp. 3, 17.— Gislen, Nova 

 Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, ser. 4, vol. 5, No. 6, 1922, pp. 9, 64; Zool. Bidrag Uppsala, vol. 

 9, 1924, pp. 19, 30, 31, 35, 42, 77, 84, 89. 99, 230, 231, 235, 240; Vid. Medd. Dansk Nat. Foren., 

 vol. 83, 1927, p. 20.— A. H. Clark, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 36, 1929, p. 637; Treubia, 

 vol. 14, livr. 2, 1933, p. 211. — Ekman, Zoogeographica, vol. 2, Heft 3, 1934, p. 364 (zoogeo- 

 graphic and paleontological relationships). — -A. H. Clark, Temminckia, vol. 1, 1936, p. 300. — 

 Gislen, Kungl. Fysiogr. Sallsk. Lund Forh., vol. 7, No. 1, 1936, p. 8. — A. H. Clark, John 

 Murray Exped. 1933-34, Sci. Reports, vol. 4, No. 4, 1936, p. 103. — H. L. Clark, Mem. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., vol. 55, 1938, p. 29. 



Diagnosis. — A family of the superfamily Mariametrida in which the elements of 

 the IBr series are united by syzygy and the arms are 10 or more in number. The 

 perisome of the disk is more or less completely covered by rounded plates, which do 

 not, however, form a solid pavement (see Part 2, p. 226, fourth paragraph) ; the lateral 

 perisome of the pinnules may contain a few spicules but is usually quite without cal- 

 careous deposits (see Part 2, p. 236). 



Geographical range. — From southern Japan, the Bonin and Philippine Islands, and 

 Hongkong southward to Sandon Bluffs, New South Wales, and to between Fremantle 

 and Geraldton, Western Australia, and westward to Ceylon. 



Bathymetrical range. — From the shore line down to 914 meters; the species are 

 mainly inhabitants of shallow water. 



Remarks. — -The occurrence of a syzygy between the elements of the IBr series 

 easily distinguishes the species of this family from all other coinatulids except only 

 those belonging to the family Eudiocrinidae. The latter, however, possess but five 

 arms, a character that gives them a very distinctive appearance. 



In the genus Catoptometra the syzygy between the elements of the IBr series is 

 very brittle, and specimens of all the species of this genus when captured in the usual 

 way by the dredge always have at least one of the postradial series, and not infrequently 

 all of them, broken away at this point so that the syzygy is very evident. Further- 

 more, the species of Catoptometra have a very distinctive appearance owing to the 

 stout, smooth, strongly recurved, and usually short cirri, and the unusual develop- 

 ment of the spines on the distal borders of the brachials and usually also on the borders 



