132 BULLETIN 15 6, UNITED STATES . NATIONAL MUSEUM 



peering over the lip of vessels might also appear as a development 

 direct from the archaic. Elsewhere in the valley of the Cauca as far 

 north as Chiriqui one finds modelings of similar designs. 



Chibchan ^^ high annular pedestal bases and polychrome painted 

 designs are strong differentiations from the archaic associated with 

 religious ceremonial wares. 



In seeking to establish influences such as these within the lowlands 

 of northeastern South America we must also seek to find local devel- 

 opments such as arose within the lowland area independent of 

 Andean influence. 



We might let pass as South American forms of the archaic art, 

 crude wares with incised instead of painted design. Spinden finds 

 that globular bowls with constricted neck, not a true oral sector but 

 provided with lugs, handles, or with inward-gazing modeled fig- 

 urine heads, may pass as South American representatives of the 

 archaic.*^ One is, of course, privileged to find fault with such a 

 sweeping generalization as being meaningless. 



Aboriginal pottery was diffused in the archaic stages of its de- 

 velopment throughout lowland South America and the West Indies. 

 Definite chronological or even form sequences are as yet un- 

 determinable. It is remarkable, however, that Santo Domingan 

 ceramics, even though archaic in form and certain details of design, 

 still are suborned under religious ornamental forms peculiarly 

 Tainan in style. South American divinities, also archaic figurine 

 forms as known from the valley of Mexico, do not occur in the 

 Greater Antilles. 



The finds from Ancon, Peru, among other forms include a clay 

 head with concentric rings incised to represent the eye. Other eye 

 forms are simply made through punctations. Both eye forms occur 

 in Santo Domingo. Nordenskiold excavated clay heads with con- 

 centric eye rings in the valley of San Francisco in the Argentine. 



In the delta of the Parana prehistoric pottery has painted mono- 

 chrome banded, also incised ornamental designs. Nordenskiold dis- 

 covered at Chimay, on the upper Rio Beni, shards on which figurine 

 heads had obliquely set eye forms resembling clay heads from 

 Trinidad, Grenada, Porto Rico,^^ Vieques, and Santo Domingo. 

 (PL 16.) 



Arawak intercourse with Yucatan was probably limited to indirex^t 

 trading through South American tribes. Maya influence appears to 

 be nonexistent in native Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Porto Rico, but 

 present in small degree in Jamaica. Central American influence 



"Restrepo, Vicente, Los Chlbchas, Atlas Arq., Lam. 26, pp. 79-81. 



*« Spinden, Herbert J., Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America, Handbook, 

 8er. No. 3, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 53, 1917. 



<» De Hostos, Adolfo, Prehistoric Porto Rican Ceramics, Amer. Anthrop., n. s., vol. 21 

 flg. 4, 1919. 



