g BULLETIN 173, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 



or 1 pound raised 33,000 feet every minute. The work of later in- 

 vestigators (Poncelet, Morin, Rankine, and others) demonstrated 

 tJiat the rate of 33,000 foot-pounds a minute can be maintained by a 

 horse only under the most favorable conditions. The power of a 

 horse operating a horse gin varies from 17,700 foot-pounds to 26,000 

 foot-pounds a minute. 



JOHN STEVENS HORSE-POWERED FERRYBOAT, 1813 

 U.S.N.M. no, 160402; model; made in the Museum; not illustrated. 



Col. John Stevens, of Hoboken, built a horse-powered ferryboat 

 to establish a ferry service between Hoboken and New York, in the 

 face of the monopoly on steam navigation that had been granted to 

 Fulton and Livingston. Six horses, harnessed singly to six sweeps, 

 walked in a circle, revolving a vertical shaft to which the sweeps 

 were attached. Bevel gearing transmitted the motion of this shaft 

 to a horizontal shaft upon which a single paddle wheel was mounted. 

 The engine was "reversible" as the horses were turned around and 

 made to walk in the opposite direction when the boat was backed 

 away from its slip. 



Boats powered by horses were used until the Fulton-Livingston 

 privilege was declared unconstitutional in February 1824. 



HUMAN TREADMILL 



U.S.N.M. no. 808352; model; made in the Museum; not illustrated. 



This model (1/40 size) illustrates the use of the horizontal circular 

 platform treadmill. Men standing on the platform gripping handle 

 bars, and moving their feet as if walking forward, would cause the 

 platform to move back under them. The vertical post, turning 

 with the platform, carries a horizontal cogwheel that meshes with a 

 rundle wheel on the windlass shaft and causes the windlass drum to 

 turn. Two human figures are shown on the treadmill platform. 

 The windlass is erected over a mine shaft and is employed in raising 

 buckets of ore. The model was suggested by an illustration in 

 Agricola's De Re Metallica^ c. 1550. 



HORSEPOWER LOCOMOTIVE, THE "FLYING DUTCHMAN", 1830 

 U.S.N.M. no. 181086; model; made in the Museum; not illustrated. 



In 1829 the South Carolina Kailroad Co. offered a premium of $500 

 for tlie best locomotive operated by horsepower. This premium was 

 awarded to C. E. Detmold, who invented one that worked by an 

 endless-chain platform, or treadmill. 



When this horsepower locomotive was completed and tested upon 

 the road in 1830 it carried 12 passengers at the rate of 12 miles an 

 hour. It was propelled by one horse walking on the treadmill, which 

 was connected by gearing to the car- wheel axles. 



