Qg BULLETIN 173, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Staudinger, who had worked with Roosevelt at Soho and Stevens 

 at Hoboken, was Fulton's chief engineer. Iron castmgs were obtained 

 from McQueen and John Youle and brass castings from Allaire, all 

 of New York. Many successful engines were built before Fulton's 

 death in 1815, after which Staudinger and Allaire took over the works 

 and continued there until Staudinger's death the next year. Allaire, 

 then, as sole owner, removed the works to the location of his original 

 brass and bell foundry in Cherry Street, New York City, where he 

 continued the manufacture of large marine and stationary engines 

 until he retired from the business in 1842. The Allaire Works was 

 incorporated in 1850, with T. F. Secor president, and continued to 

 1868, when it was purchased along with most of the other engine 

 works in New York City by Jolin V. Roach to form John V. Roach 

 & Sons. 



HALF CYLINDER OF THE FIRST STEAM ENGINE IN AMERICA, 1755 



Plate 12, Fiq-uke 1 



U.S.N.M. no. 180143; original; deposited by the New Jersey Historical Society; 

 photograpli no. 32578. 



The engine of which this relic was a part was constructed in Corn- 

 wall, England, by Joseph Hornblower and his sons, engine builders 

 and engmeers, for Col. Jolin Schuyler, of New Jersey. It was 

 brought to America in 1753 by Josiah Hornblower and erected by him 

 at Colonel Schuyler's copper mine on Barbadoes Neck, N. J. The 

 enguie was started in 1755 and used to pump water from the mine 

 until 1768, when it was disabled by fire. It was used again from 1793 

 until some time early in the nineteenth century, when it was dis- 

 mantled and the parts disposed of. This portion of the cylinder is 

 the only part known to have been preserved to the present time. 



The engine was an atmospheric steam engine of the Newcomen 

 type, in which the piston was connected by a flexible chain to a 

 walking beam to the other end of which were connected the heavy 

 pump rods and parts. The weight of the pump rods pulled down 

 the pump end of the beam, raising the piston end so that the engine 

 piston was held at the top of the cylinder. Steam was admitted to 

 the cylinder, the valves were closed, cold water injected, and the steam 

 condensed, forming a partial vacuum under the piston, with the result 

 that atmospheric pressure pushed down the piston and raised the 

 pump rod. The cylinder was then opened to the atmosphere and 

 the weight of the pump returned the piston to the top of the cylinder 

 so that the cycle could be repeated. The reciprocating motion of the 

 pump rods pumped the water from the mines. 



This description is general, as no detailed account of the engine 

 exists and the only illustration of the engine is that of the engine 

 house in the Hornblower family seal. 



